Современное состояние мировой популяции дрофы (Otis tarda tarda) (Otididae, Aves) в пределах её ареала
https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2025-2-165-182
Аннотация
Рассматривается современное распространение, статус и численность номинативного подвида большой дрофы (Otis tarda tarda L.) в пределах его мирового ареала. Приводится карта-схема распространения большой дрофы за период с 2010 по 2025 г. По имеющимся данным, общая численность популяции вида оценивается в пределах от 29600 до 33000 птиц. Обсуждаются причины сокращения численности дрофы в разных странах. Описывается состояние вида в Российской Федерации с акцентом на Саратовскую и Волгоградскую области, где он встречается в период гнездования. Описываются территории регионов России, в которых этот вид встречается в настоящее время, места обитания, используемые в период размножения, а также пути его миграции к местам зимовки и обратно. Общая численность дрофы европейского подвида в России авторами статьи оценивается в 2500 особей, но значение является приблизительным, поскольку оно основано на разных методах учета, включающих как детальные и комплексные обследования целых территорий, так и экспертные оценки. Основными угрозами для популяций дрофы в России являются интенсификация сельскохозяйственного производства за счет применения химикатов, освоение залежных полей и целинных земель для возделывания большего количества масличных и озимых зерновых культур, столкновения с воздушными линиями электропередач и незаконная охота. Значительную негативную роль в период гнездования дрофы играет высокая численность хищных птиц, таких как, например, орлан-белохвост.
Ключевые слова
Об авторах
А. М. Опарина
Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого
Россия
Россия
Опарина Анна Михайловна, Высшая школа гидротехнического и энергетического строительства
195251, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, д. 29
О. С. Опарина
Саратовский филиал Института проблем экологии и эволюции им. А. Н. Северцова РАН
Россия
Россия
Опарина Ольга Сергеевна
410028, г. Саратов, ул. Рабочая, д. 24
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Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Опарина А.М., Опарина О.С. Современное состояние мировой популяции дрофы (Otis tarda tarda) (Otididae, Aves) в пределах её ареала. ПОВОЛЖСКИЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ. 2025;(2):165-182. https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2025-2-165-182
For citation:
Oparina A.M., Oparina O.S. Current status of the world population of the Great bustard (Otis tarda tarda) (Otididae, Aves) within its range. Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology. 2025;(2):165-182. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2025-2-165-182
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