sevinПОВОЛЖСКИЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛPovolzhskiy Journal of Ecology1684-73182541-8963Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А. Н. Северцова РАН; Товарищество научных изданий КМК.10.35885/1684-7318-2025-2-165-182sevin-655Research ArticleСтатьиСовременное состояние мировой популяции дрофы (Otis tarda tarda) (Otididae, Aves) в пределах её ареалаCurrent status of the world population of the Great bustard (Otis tarda tarda) (Otididae, Aves) within its rangehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2043-1866ОпаринаА. М.OparinaA. M.

Опарина Анна Михайловна, Высшая школа гидротехнического и энергетического строительства

195251, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, д. 29

29 Polytechnicheskaya St., Saint Petersburg 195251

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5581-4122ОпаринаО. С.OparinaO. S.

Опарина Ольга Сергеевна

410028, г. Саратов, ул. Рабочая, д. 24

24 Rabochaya St., Saratov 410028

Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра ВеликогоРоссияPeter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic UniversityRussian FederationСаратовский филиал Института проблем экологии и эволюции им. А. Н. Северцова РАНРоссияSaratov Branch of A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation20253107202502165182Copyright © Опарина А.М., Опарина О.С., 20252025Опарина А.М., Опарина О.С.Oparina A.M., Oparina O.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sevin.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/655

Рассматривается современное распространение, статус и численность номинативного подвида большой дрофы (Otis tarda tarda L.) в пределах его мирового ареала. Приводится карта-схема распространения большой дрофы за период с 2010 по 2025 г. По имеющимся данным, общая численность популяции вида оценивается в пределах от 29600 до 33000 птиц. Обсуждаются причины сокращения численности дрофы в разных странах. Описывается состояние вида в Российской Федерации с акцентом на Саратовскую и Волгоградскую области, где он встречается в период гнездования. Описываются территории регионов России, в которых этот вид встречается в настоящее время, места обитания, используемые в период размножения, а также пути его миграции к местам зимовки и обратно. Общая численность дрофы европейского подвида в России авторами статьи оценивается в 2500 особей, но значение является приблизительным, поскольку оно основано на разных методах учета, включающих как детальные и комплексные обследования целых территорий, так и экспертные оценки. Основными угрозами для популяций дрофы в России являются интенсификация сельскохозяйственного производства за счет применения химикатов, освоение залежных полей и целинных земель для возделывания большего количества масличных и озимых зерновых культур, столкновения с воздушными линиями электропередач и незаконная охота. Значительную негативную роль в период гнездования дрофы играет высокая численность хищных птиц, таких как, например, орлан-белохвост. 

The paper reviews the current distribution, status, and abundance of the nominate subspecies of Great bustard (Otis tarda tarda L.) within its global range. A distribution map of the Great bustard is provided based on a review of literature data on the abundance and trends in different parts of the range for the period from 2010 to 2025. According to available data, the total population size is estimated at 29,600 to 33,000 birds. Possible causes for the decline in the Great bustard numbers in different countries are discussed. The status of this species in the Russian Federation is described, with an emphasis on the Saratov and Volgograd regions, where it occurs during its nesting season. A distribution map of the European subspecies of bustards in the Russian Federation is provided. The regions of the Russian Federation are described where this species is currently found, its habitats used during the breeding season, and the routes of its migration to and from its wintering grounds. The total population of bustards in the Russian Federation is estimate as 2500 individuals, but this number is approximate since it is based on different counting methods, including both detailed and comprehensive surveys of entire territories and expert assessments. The main threats to bustard populations in the Russian Federation are the intensification of agricultural production through the use of chemicals, the development of fallow fields and virgin lands to cultivate more oilseeds and winter grain crops, collisions with overhead power lines, and illegal hunting. A significant negative role during the bustard nesting period is played by the high number of predatory mammals and birds of prey, such as the white-tailed eagle. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.