Малая горлица (Streptopelia senegalensis) (Columbidae, Aves) на юге России

До середины ХХ в. малая горлица (Streptopelia senegalensis) была распространена лишь в Африке, Передней Азии и Индостане, откуда сравнительно недавно проникла в Среднюю Азию. Во второй половине ХХ в. эта горлица начала заселять Закавказье и появилась на гнездовье также на Северном Кавказе, но этот участок ареала до сих пор не отражён на обзорных картах распространения вида. Биология малой горлицы детально изучена в Средней Азии, а на территории России сведения о её экологии до последнего времени практически отсутствовали. В Дагестане на низменностях вдоль берега Каспийского моря в ХХI в. сформировался относительно стабильный участок ареала малой горлицы, которая сейчас обычна в городах, гнездясь в основном на постройках человека, но к северу от Махачкалы она пока практически не проникает. В Предкавказье известны лишь небольшие изолированные очаги, где предполагается эпизодическое гнездование отдельных пар и изредка встречаются залётные особи, проникающие на север до Элисты и Астрахани. Однако в связи с современным потеплением климата этот оседлый вид может вскоре продолжить расселение по югу России, осваивая прежде всего урбанизированные территории Предкавказья. Поэтому здесь в городах необходимо активизировать мониторинг южнорусских популяций малой горлицы, акцентируя внимание на изучении экологических взаимоотношений этого вида с конкурентами и хищниками, а также на выяснении роли абиотических факторов в динамике его численности.

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