Сообщества зоопланктона средней речной части Чебоксарского водохранилища и факторы, влияющие на формирование их видовой структуры

В работе использованы современные методические подходы к анализу пространственного распределения сообществ зоопланктона (на примере средней речной части Чебоксарского водохранилища). Сообщества зоопланктона были исследованы в период летней межени 2018 г. в средней речной части Чебоксарского водохранилища (от г. Нижний Новгород до пос. Васильсурск). Границы сообществ зоопланктона Чебоксарского водохранилища закономерно менялись с момента его строительства и до наших дней. В средней речной части Чебоксарского водохранилища выявлено два четко выраженных пространственно устойчивых сообществ зоопланктона, связанных с окским и волжским потоками. Различие между этими зоопланктоценозами было продемонстрировано с помощью иерархического кластерного анализа. Анализ избыточности показал, что основными факторами, определяющими изменчивость видовой структуры зоопланктона, являются содержание хлорофилла-a и водородный показатель (pH). При этом концентрация хлорофилла-а отражает мезомасштабную неоднородность горизонтального распределения фитопланктона на исследованной акватории, а  следовательно, и  кормовой базы  организмов зоопланктона. Отношение зоопланктона к уровню рН отражает высокую чувствительность видов рода Brachionus Pallas, 1766 к высокой кислотности. Влияние рН как фактора окружающей среды было менее очевидным. Однако эта переменная хорошо известна как один из ведущих факторов, определяющих структуру сообществ зоопланктона. Его роль в структурной организации сообществ зоопланктона равнинных водохранилищ заслуживает дальнейшего изучения.

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