Влияние Нижегородской ГЭС на видовую структуру сообществ и смертность зоопланктона Чебоксарского водохранилища

Представлены результаты мониторинговых исследований (2021 – 2024 гг.) воздействия гидроагрегатов Нижегородской ГЭС на сообщества зоопланктона нижнего бьефа. С применением метода прижизненного окрашивания анилиновым голубым впервые для низконапорных ГЭС получены прямые количественные оценки смертности зоопланктона при транзите через плотину. Ключевым индикатором является доля мертвых особей, рассчитанная по биомассе, позволяющая выявить избирательный характер гибели крупных ракообразных и структурную перестройку зоопланктонного сообщества нижнего бьефа. Показано, что плотина Нижегородской ГЭС служит разделом между лимнофильными сообществами зоопланктона верхнего и нижнего бьефов, эффект которого воспроизводится ежегодно и определяется гидродинамическим режимом.

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