Особенности генетической структуры восстановленной в Государственном природном заповеднике «Приволжская лесостепь» популяции степного сурка (Marmota bobak Müll.) (Sciuridae, Mammalia)

   Приводятся результаты анализа генетической структуры восстановленной на территории Государственного природного заповедника «Приволжская лесостепь» популяции степного сурка в сравнении с материнскими популяциями по 4 локусам микросателлитной ДНК (Xmoh C10, Xmoh D116, IGS-bp, Ssu17). Выявлены особенности, свидетельствующие как о качестве формирующегося состава ее населения, так и степени ее устойчивости. По аллельному спектру микросателлитной ДНК интродуцированная популяция заповедника характеризуется высокими долями уникальных аллелей, при высоком уровне полиморфности ее генетической структуры (H_obs – 0.775, AGD – 0.739), что указывает на стабильное состояние и отсутствие в ней действия отбора. Обнаружение аллелей микросателлитной ДНК, не выявленных в материнских поселениях, связано, вероятно, с вселенцами первой (2014) волны, которые успешно закрепились в новом местообитании и сформировали ядро будущего поселения. Этот вывод подтверждают данные о генетических дистанцияхь (Δμ²⁾ и индексах фиксации гамет (FST) пяти проанализированных популяций степного сурка. Максимальные значения индекса фиксации FST были получены для популяции заповедника при сравнении ее со всеми другими популяциями (0.336 – 0.301). Аналогичные результаты были получены по Δμ²-дистанциям. Максимальная дистанция была получена для двух географически близких популяций (3.135, 1.564). Таким образом, интродуцированная популяция заповедника характеризуется особенной генетической структурой, которая сформировалась в результате многоэтапной (2014, 2020, 2021) интродукции и устойчивой изоляции. Выявленные уникальные, не отмеченные у других, черты генетической структуры восстановленной на территории заповедника популяции являются следствием искусственного пути ее формирования. Они довольно ярко проявляются на фоне слабо дифференцированных материнских популяций степного сурка, формирующихся естественными динамическими популяционными процессами.

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