Факторы, влияющие на увеличение доли токсигенных цианобактерий рода Microcystis (Chroococcales, Cyanobacteria) в источниках водоснабжения

Целью обзора является обобщение современных данных о факторах, влияющих на токсигенность цианобактерий рода Microcystis и синтез ими гепатотоксичных пептидов – микроцистинов. Проанализированы экологические факторы и приведены гипотезы, объясняющие их влияние на соотношение токсигенных и нетоксигенных штаммов в водоемах и экспрессию генов, ответственных за синтез микроцистина. Особое внимание уделено температуре, освещенности, эвтрофикации, окислительному стрессу и наличию микроэлементов. Приведены сведения о методах мониторинга токсигенных популяций, включая молекулярно-биологические подходы (ПЦР, ОТ-ПЦР). Исследования, посвященные изучению факторов окружающей среды, способствующих развитию токсигенных штаммов цианобактерий рода Microcystis в перспективе, могут быть использованы для прогнозирования вероятности обнаружения токсинов в воде источников хозяйственно-питьевого водоснабжения населения и определения временного интервала забора проб для определения количества микроцистина в воде водоисточника.

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