Инвазивная золотая рыбка Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cyprinidae, Actinopterygii) распространяется в пресноводных экосистемах Марокко через торговлю аквариумными рыбами]

   Биологические инвазии являются серьезной глобальной проблемой нашего времени, поскольку инвазивные виды приводят к значительной утрате биоразнообразия и экологических функций. Торговля аквариумными и декоративными животными является одним из основных источников появления чужеродных видов во всем мире. Одной из самых популярных аквариумных пород рыб является золотая рыбка Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758), декоративная рыба, родом из Восточной Азии, которая стала космополитичной благодаря аквариумистам-любителям. Эта инвазивная рыба была известна только в нескольких местах в природных экосистемах Северной Африки. В данной статье мы предоставляем новую информацию о текущем распространении и присутствии этого инвазивного вида в Марокко, а также обсуждаем роль торговли аквариумными рыбками в его интродукции в новые пресноводные экосистемы страны.

1. Anderson R. O., Neumann R. M. Length, weight and associated structural indices. In: Murphy B. R., Willis D. W., eds. Fisheries Techniques. Bethesda, American Fisheries Society, 1996, pp. 447–482.

2. Azeroual A. Monograph of the Fishes of the Continental Waters of Morocco: Systematics, Distribution and Ecology. PhD thesis. Rabat, Morocco, Mohammed V University, 2003. 181 p.

3. Billard R., Monod T. Les poissons d'eau douce des rivières de France. Identification, inventaire et répartition des 83 espèces. Lausanne, Delachaux & Niestlé, 1997. 192 p.

4. Bomford M., Glover J. Risk Assessment Model for Import and Keeping of Exotic Freshwater and Estuarine Finfish. Canberra, Australia, Bureau of Rural Sciences, 2004. 125 p.

5. Bruslé J., Quignard J. P. Biologie des poissons d'eau douce européens. Technique et documentation édition. Paris, France, Lavoisier, 2001. 625 p.

6. Clavero M., Esquivias J., Qninba A., Riesco M., Calzada J., Ribeiro F., Fernández N., Delibes M. Fish invading deserts: Non-native species in arid Moroccan rivers. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 2015, vol. 25, iss. 1, pp. 49–60. doi: 10.1002/aqc.2487

7. Crivelli A. J. Are fish introductions a threat to endemic freshwater fishes in the northern Mediterranean region? Biological Conservation, 1995, vol.72, pp. 311–319.

8. Doadrio I. Freshwater fish fauna of North Africa and its biogeography. Annales-Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, 1994, vol. 8, pp. 21–34.

9. Fletcher A. S., Whittington D. I. A parasite-host checklist for Monogenea from freshwater fishes in Australia, with comments on biodiversity. Systematic Parasitology, 1998, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 159–168.

10. Frazer D., Adams C. E. A crucian carp Carassius carassius (L.) in Loch Rannoch, Scotland: Further evidence of the threat posed to unique fish communities by introduction of alien fish species. Aquatic Conservation, 1998, vol. 7, pp. 323–326.

11. Froese R., Pauly D. FishBase. Electronic publication onPublication électronique sur: le World Wide Web. Available at: www.fishbase.org, (08/2021) (accessed January 27, 2022).

12. Furnestin J., Dardignac J., Maurin L., Vincent A., Coupe R., Boutiere H. Données nouvelles sur les poissons du Maroc atlantique. Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Pêches Maritimes, 1958, vol. 22, pp. 378–493

13. Gamradt S. C., Kats L. B. Effect of introduced crayfish and mosquitofish on California newts. Conservation Biology, 1996, vol. 10, iss. 4, pp. 1155–1162. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10041155.x

14. Gomez S. E., Ferrè H., Cassarà H., Bordone S. Cultivo de peces ornamentales (Carassius auratus y Cyprinus carpio) en sistemas semiintensivos en la Argentina. Aquatec, 1997, vol. 4, pp. 1–13.

15. Huxel G. R., McCann K., Polis G. A. Effects of partitioning allochthonous and autochthonous resources on food web stability. Ecological Research, 2002, vol. 17, iss. 4, pp. 419–432. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1703.2002.00501.x

16. Jenkins R. E., Burkhead N. M. Freshwater Fishes of Virginia. Bethesda, American Fisheries Society, Florida Integrated Science Center, 1993. 1079 p.

17. Kang S. G., Choi J. W., An K. G. Physicochemical tolerance ranges and ecological characteristics in two different populations of Carassius auratus and Cyprinus carpio. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 2015, vol. 38, iss. 2, pp. 195–211. doi: 10.5141/ecoenv.2015.021

18. Kara H. M. Freshwater fish diversity in Algeria with emphasis on alien species. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2012, vol. 58, pp. 243–253.

19. Kawanabe H., Mizuno N. Freshwater Fishes of Japan. Tokyo, Yama-Kei Publishers Co. Ltd, 1989. 720 p.

20. Keith P., Allardi J. C. Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France, Patrimoines naturels édition. Cédérom, France, 2001. 387 p.

21. Khabbach A., Libiad M., Ennabili A. Invasion increasing risk of Al Jawahir Wadi lentic habitats by Pistia stratiotes L. (North-Central Morocco). Botanica Complutensis, 2019, vol. 43, pp. 97–107. doi: 10.5209/bocm.64280

22. Kottelat M., Freyhof J. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Berlin, Germany, 2007. 648 p.

23. Lévêque C. Introductions de nouvelles espèces de poissons dans les eaux douces tropicales: objectifs et conséquences. Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture, 1997, vol. 344–345, pp. 79–91. doi: 10.1051/kmae:1997012

24. Lusk S., Barus V. Morphometric features of Carassius auratus from the drainage area of the Morava River. Folia Zoologica, 1978, vol. 27, pp. 177–190.

25. Mabrouki Y., Taybi A. F., Skalli A., Sánchez-Vialas A. Amphibians of the Oriental Region and the Moulouya River basin of Morocco: Distribution and conservation notes. Basic and Applied Herpetology, 2019, vol. 33, pp. 19–32. doi: 10.11160/bah.134

26. Mabrouki Y., Taybi A. F., Bahhou J., Doadrio I. The first record of the green swordtail Xiphophorus helleri (Miller, 1966) (Poeciliidae) established in the wild from Morocco. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2020, vol. 36, iss. 6, pp. 795–800. doi: 10.1111/jai.14105

27. Mabrouki Y., Taybi A. F., Glöer P. The first record of the North American fresh-water limpet Ferrissia californica (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in Morocco. Nature Conservation Research, 2023a, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 108–112. doi: 10.24189/ncr.2023.004

28. Mabrouki Y., Taybi A. F., Vila-Farré M. First record of the globally invasive planarian Girardia tigrina (Girard, 1850) sensu lato in Morocco. Bioinvasion Records, 2023b, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 257–264. doi: 10.3391/bir.2023.12.1.21

29. Mabrouki Y., Taybi A. F., Glöer P. First record of Fountain bladder snail Physa fontinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) in Morocco. Folia Malacologica, 2024, vol. 32, iss. 1, pp. 71–75. doi: 10.12657/folmal.032.007

30. Macdonald J., Tonkin Z. A Review of the Impact of Eastern Gambusia on Native Fishes of the Murray–Darling Basin. Canberra, Published by Murray-Darling Basin Authority, 2008. 52 p.

31. Madani T. Le réseau hydraulique de la ville de Fès. Archéologie islamique, 1999, vol. 8, pp. 119–142.

32. Magalhães A. L. B., Jacobi C. M. Invasion risks posed by ornamental freshwater fish trade to southeastern Brazilian rivers. Neotropical Ichthyology, 2013, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 433–441. doi: 10.1590/S1679-62252013005000003

33. Morgan D., Beatty S. Fish Fauna of the Vasse River and the Colonisation by Feral Goldfish (Carassius auratus). Western Australia, Murdoch University. 2004. 35 p.

34. Nakabo T. Fishes of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the Species. Tokyo, Tokai University Press, 2002. 1749 p.

35. Okada Y. Studies of the freshwater fishes of Japan, II, special part. Journal of the Faculty of Fisheries Prefectural University of Mie, 1960, vol. 4, pp. 31–860.

36. Patoka J., Bláha M., Devetter M., Rylková K., Čadková Z., Kalous L. Aquarium hitchhikers: Attached commensals imported with freshwater shrimps via the pet trade. Biological Invasions, 2016, vol. 18, iss. 2, pp. 457–461. doi: 10.1007/s10530-015-1018-9

37. Peckarsky B. L., McIntosh A. R. Fitness and community consequences of avoiding multiple predators. Oecologia, 1998, vol. 113, iss. 4, pp. 565–576. doi: 10.1007/s004420050410

38. Pringle C. M., Hamazaki T. The role of omnivory in a neotropical stream: Separating diurnal and nocturnal effects. Ecology, 1998, vol. 79, iss. 1, pp. 269–280. doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[0269:TROOIA]2.0.CO;2

39. Richardson M. J., Whoriskey F. G., Roy H. L. Turbidity generation and biological impacts of an exotic fish Carassius auratus, introduced into shallow seasonally anoxic ponds. Journal of Fish Biology, 1994, vol. 47, pp. 576–585.

40. Rowe D. K., Smith P. J. The Role of Exotic Fish in the Loss of Macrophytes and In-creased Turbidity of Lake Wainamu. Auckland, NIWA Client Report, 2001. 32 p.

41. Rowe D. K., Moore A., Giorgetti A. Review of the Impacts of Gambusia, Redfin Perch, Tench, Roach, Yellowfin Goby and Streaked Goby in Australia. Canberra, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra. Australia, 2008. 245 p.

42. Scott W. C., Crossman E. J. Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board, 1973, vol. 184, pp. 1–966.

43. Sih A., Englund G., Wooster D. Emergent impacts of multiple predators on prey. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 1998, vol. 13, iss. 9, pp. 350–355.

44. Soubeyran A., Goarant A., Lavergne C., Manry C., Malau A., Meyer Y.J., Thoisy B., Urtizberea F. Bilan des espèces exotiques envahissantes en milieux aquatiques sur le territoire français: Bilan synthétique pour l'outre-mer. Sciences Eaux & Territoires, 2012, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 64–67. doi: 10.3917/set.006.0064

45. Strayer D. L. Alien species in fresh waters: Ecological effects, interactions with other stressors, and prospects for the future. Freshwater Biology, 2010, vol. 55, pp. 152–174. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02380.x

46. Szczerbowski J. A. Carassius. In: Banarescu P. M., Paepke H. J., eds. The Freshwater Fishes of Europe. Wiesbaden, Aula-Verlag, 2002, pp. 5–41.

47. Taybi A. F., Mabrouki Y., Doadrio I. The occurrence, distribution and biology of invasive fish species in fresh and brackish water bodies of NE Morocco. Arxius De Miscellania Zoologica, 2020, vol. 18, pp. 59–73. doi: 10.32800/amz.2020.18.0059

48. Taybi A. F., Mabrouki Y., Christophe P. Distribution of freshwater alien animal species in Morocco: Current knowledge and management issues. Diversity, 2023a, vol. 15, no. 2, article no. e169. doi: 10.3390/d15020169

49. Taybi A. F., Mabrouki Y., Glöer P. First record of the exotic Seminole rams-horn Helisoma duryi (Wetherby, 1879) (Gastropoda, Planorbidae) in Morocco. Graellsia, 2023b, vol. 79, no. 1, article no. e181. doi: 10.3989/graellsia.2023.v79.362

50. Taybi A. F., Mabrouki Y., Haaren T. V. Distribution of the alien Tubificid worm Branchiura sowerbyi (Beddard, 1892) in Morocco. Arxius de Miscellania Zoologica, 2023c, vol. 21, pp. 253–260. doi: 10.32800/amz.2023.21.0253

51. Taybi A. F., Mabrouki Y., Glöer P., Piscart C. Factors explaining the distribution of Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) in freshwaters of Morocco. Water, 2024, vol. 16, no. 6, article no. 803. doi: 10.3390/w16060803

52. Taylor J. N., Courtenay W. R. Jr., McCann J. A. Known impact of exotic fishes in the continental United States. In: Courtenay W. R. Jr., Stauffer J. R., eds. Distribution, Biology, and Management of Exotic Fish. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1984, pp. 322–373.

53. Teletchea F., Alexis E., Fostier E., Kamler E., Gardeur J. N., Le Bail P. Y., Jalabert B., Fontaine P. Comparative analysis of reproductive traits in 65 freshwater fish species: Application to the domestication of new fish species. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2009, vol. 19, iss. 4, pp. 403–430. doi: 10.1007/s11160-008-9102-1

54. Townsend C. R., Winterbourn M. J. Assessment of the environmental risk posed by an exotic fish: the proposed introduction of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to New Zealand. Conservation Biology, 1992, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 273–282.

55. Werner E. E. Niche theory in fisheries ecology. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 1980, vol. 109, pp. 257–260.