Пространственная структура популяций Colchicum s. l. (Colchicaceae, Liliopsida) в Европейской России

   Анализ пространственной структуры проведён в 2021 – 2024 гг. в 43 популяциях пяти видов геофитных эфемероидов Colchicum s. l. Европейской России. Схемы распределения особей, отображаемые функцией Рипли L(r)-r, были реализованы в пакете spatstat для языка программирования R. В пределах ареала рода с севера на юг частота встречаемости популяций со случайным типом распределения возрастала. У C. laetum и C. bulbocodium subsp. versicolor, имеющих протяжённые вдоль географической долготы ареалы на Русской равнине, популяции с контагиозным типом распределения особей располагались исключительно по их северным и южным границам. У видов, произрастающих на Северном Кавказе и в Крыму, подобной закономерности не наблюдалось. Показано, что и у геофитных эфемероидов случайный тип распределения особей в пространстве указывает на однородность и оптимальность условий произрастания, а любые отклонения от него возникают в результате неблагоприятного воздействия различных факторов окружающей среды. По крайней мере, у видов Colchicum на Русской равнине не столько микрорельеф, микроклимат или другие локальные по проявлению экологические факторы, а именно глобальные градиенты природно-климатических условий по ареалу вида являются доминирующими в определении типа распределения особей в популяциях. У видов рода, ареал которых охватывает преимущественно горы и предгорья, вероятно, напротив, в большей мере локальные условия окружающей среды определяют тип распределения особей в пространстве. Высота над уровнем моря не является лимитирующим фактором для типа распределения особей в популяциях видов Colchicum.

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