Биоаккумуляция тяжёлых металлов и мышьяка в тканях полевых мышей (Apodemus agrarius) (Muridae, Rodentia), обитающих в парках г. Москвы

Исследовали биоаккумуляцию тяжёлых металлов в тканях (шерсть, мышцы, печень, кости) свободно живущих полевых мышей (Apodemus agrarius) в четырёх парках г. Москвы, расположенных на разном удалении от центра города и в зонах с разной степенью антропогенной нагрузки. Методом рентгенофлуоресцентного анализа количественно проанализировано содержание восьми тяжёлых металлов (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, Sr, Cu, Pb) и металлоида – As. Показано, что средние концентрации большинства тяжелых металлов в тканях мышей, обитающих в исследованных парках, достоверно различаются. Больше всего они накапливаются в шерсти, меньше в мышцах, печени и костях. Значимо большие концентрации металлов обнаружены в образцах из Филёвского парка, кроме Zn, Pb и As, максимальные концентрации которых были в образцах из Нескучного сада. Показатели Pb в шерсти полевых мышей не превышали референсных значений во всех парках, кроме Останкинского. Наименее загрязненным по показателям биоаккумуляции в шерсти, мышцах и печени оказался наиболее удаленный от центра города Терлецкий парк, несмотря на высокий балл «экологического неблагополучия». Таким образом, биоаккумуляция металлов происходит по-разному в тканях и органах свободно живущих полевых мышей, при этом расстояние от центра города и комплексный балл экологического благополучия не всегда отражаются на этом показателе. Для оценки экологической ситуации в разных районах города требуется разработка более сложной аналитической панели с учётом сезонной и пространственной динамики циркуляции загрязнителей, их кумулятивного влияния и разных механизмов метаболизма.

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