Снижение численности популяции малого суслика – Spermophilus pygmaeus Pallas, 1779 (Rodentia, Sciuromorpha, Sciuridae) в Волго-Уральском степном природном очаге чумы

Представлены результаты изучения популяции малого суслика (Spermophilus pygmaeus Pallas, 1779) на территории Волго-Уральского междуречья в 1940 – 2023 гг. Рассматривается влияние глобального потепления климата на динамику численности этого вида в Волго-Уральском степном природном очаге чумы. Статистически обработаны и проанализированы данные ежегодного учета численности малого суслика (число особей на 1 га); показатели интенсивности размножения; среднемесячные показатели температуры воздуха по метеостанциям г. Харабали за период 1940 – 2023 гг. Подчеркивается, что динамика численности вида определяется целым комплексом природных и антропогенных факторов. Вместе с тем, в условиях полупустыни для малого суслика лимитирующим является распределение температуры воздуха и осадков по сезонам и годам. Проанализировано воздействие температур в январе – феврале, провоцирующих выход на поверхность при пробуждении малого суслика от зимней спячки. Выявлен основной механизм, определяющий негативное влияние современного потепления климата на популяции малого суслика в регионе Северного Прикаспия.

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