Структура популяций и репродуктивный успех Cypripedium calceolus (Orchidaceae, Liliopsida) на карстовых ландшафтах Южного Тимана (Республика Коми): влияние экспозиции склона

Изучено влияние экспозиции склона на структуру популяций, морфометрические особенности и репродуктивные характеристики редкой орхидеи Cypripedium calceolus L. на карстовых ландшафтах Южного Тимана на территории природного заказника «Параськины озера» (северо-восток европейской части России). В 2023 г. обследовано шесть популяций вида на карстовых формах рельефа: пять – на склонах разной экспозиции, одна – на равнинном участке. Выявлено, что наиболее крупные популяции вид образует на склонах западной и северо-западной экспозиции. Во всех популяциях отмечены поврежденные заморозками генеративные побеги, на западных склонах их доля составляет более 50%. Экспозиция склона влияет на морфометрические показатели побегов и семян. Завязываемость плодов связана как с погодными условиями, так и с экспозицией: на холодных северозападных склонах отмечена наименьшая эффективность опыления, на южных – самая высокая. Выявлено уменьшение реальной семенной продуктивности плода по мере изменения ориентации склонов с севера в сторону юга (от 9861 до 3761 шт.), что связано с недоразвитием части семян. Средняя реальная семенная продуктивность генеративного побега на карстовых выходах Южного Тимана составила 1292 шт. (от 985 до 1769 шт. в разных популяциях). Наравне с вегетативным возобновлением, характерным для данного вида, в изученных популяциях отмечено и семенное, о чем свидетельствует наличие в них ювенильных особей, доля которых варьирует от 1 до 13.5%.

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