Динамика экосистем влажной судубравы центра Приволжской возвышенности

Приведены результаты исследования динамики характерного для центральной части Приволжской возвышенности типа лесных экосистем – влажной судубравы (С₃). Исследования проводили на территории участка «Верховья Суры» заповедника «Приволжская лесостепь». Ход процесса изучали в возрастном ряду, выделенном в однородных лесорастительных условиях на основе принципов динамической классификации типов леса. В результате обработки данных таксации леса получены средние величины таксационных показателей древостоев для каждого класса возраста. Одновременно проведен анализ изменений всех компонентов насаждений. На его основе возрастной ряд был разделен на отдельные периоды и фазы. Тенденции изменения доли участия каждой лесообразующей породы в составе древостоя на разных возрастных стадиях описаны нелинейными уравнениями. Проведенное исследование показало, что полученный возрастной ряд представляет собой ряд трансформации лесных сообществ. Нарушение хода лесообразовательного процесса привело к масштабной смене коренных насаждений на производные. После начала применения сплошнолесосечных рубок площадь, занятая лиственными деревьями, постоянно росла. Следствием масштабного применения рубок промежуточного пользования, санитарных и добровольно-выборочных рубок стало формирование изреженных сосновых древостоев. Одновременно происходила и трансформация нижних ярусов сообществ. Эти факторы вызвали ухудшение условий естественного возобновления сосны (Pinus sylvestris L.). В результате, к настоящему времени возможность формирования сосновых древостоев путем естественного возобновления почти полностью исключена. 

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