Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus megaterium и Pseudomonas putida в восстановлении техногенно нарушенных территорий Кузбасса

Кузбасс – крупнейший регион, специализирующийся на добыче полезных ископаемых. Большинство горных разработок в регионе производится открытым методом, который является наиболее безопасным и эффективным, однако способствует образованию значительного количества техногенно нарушенных почв. Для формирования плодородного слоя почв и растительного покрова рационально совместное использование микроорганизмов в совокупности с растениями. Известно, что микроорганизмы способны интенсифицировать рост растений за счет улучшения их питания, синтеза ростостимулирующих веществ, защиты от фитопатогенов. При этом наибольшие ростостимулирующие свойства отмечены для представителей рода Pseudomonas и Bacillus. В свою очередь, некоторые растения, в частности житняк гребневидный (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.), формируют устойчивый травостой и участвуют в образовании поверхностного горизонта почв (дернины). Цель исследования: изучить перспективы совместного использования Pseudomonas fluorescens B-4252, Bacillus megaterium B-3778, Pseudomonas putida B-2950 и житняка гребневидного для повышения плодородия и формирования устойчивого растительного покрова на техногенно нарушенных почвах Кузбасса. Установлено, что изучаемые штаммы способны продуцировать синильную кислоту, фитогормоны, а также осуществлять солюбилизацию фосфора и фиксацию азота. При этом штаммы и консорциумы на их основе улучшают рост житняка в лабораторных условиях. Обработка семян данными микроорганизмами способствует повышению всхожести и скорости роста житняка. Так, всхожесть семян при обработке консорциумом № 2 составила 94%, что на 12% больше по сравнению с контролем (без обработки). Средняя длина ростков при данном варианте обработки составила 56 мм, что превышает контрольные показатели на 43%. За счет описанных качеств консорциум может стать эффективным агентом, ускоряющим восстановление техноземов Кузбасса. 

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