Режим естественных нарушений и развитие древостоя пихтово-елового леса в южном Сихотэ-Алине

Возрастные смены в пихтово-еловых лесах и возможное влияние на них происходящих климатических изменений являются актуальным вопросом. В работе рассмотрен древостой ненарушенного пихтово-елового леса, расположенный в южном Сихотэ-Алине на высоте 530 м над ур. м. В 2001 г. здесь была заложена постоянная пробная площадь, а в 2022 – 2023 гг. была проведена ее ревизия и получены образцы древесины (керны). В результате исследования было установлено, что развитие древостоя имело существенные отличия от описанного ранее в схеме возрастных смен девственного пихтово-елового леса. Во-первых, установлено, за последние 242 года не происходили массовые распады древостоя и выявляются только частичные распады, имевшие место в 1831 – 1850 и в 1931 – 1950 гг. При этом около 50% деревьев ели аянской пережили за время своего развития как минимум 2 частичных распада древостоя. Во-вторых, показано, что в изученном древостое ель аянская не формирует одновозрастного поколения. Также выявлено, что на момент ревизии в древостое сложилась ситуация, предшествующая новому распаду древостоя. Важным полученным результатом является и то, что с 2001 г. наблюдается устойчивый тренд на уменьшение прироста ели аянской у 75% деревьев. Этот тренд может быть связан не с возрастными сменами в древостое, а обусловливаться реакцией ели на глобальное изменение климата. Подобная тенденция может вносить существенные коррективы в возрастные смены древостоев пихтово-еловых лесов.

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