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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sevin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПОВОЛЖСКИЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1684-7318</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8963</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А. Н. Северцова РАН; Товарищество научных изданий КМК.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35885/1684-7318-2026-1-64-86</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sevin-726</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Бактерии в технологиях биоремедиации загрязненных почв</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bacteria in bioremediation technologies of polluted soils</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9695-7146</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сырчина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Syrchina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Надежда Викторовна Сырчина, </p><p>Уральское отделение Российской академии наук; Коми научный центр; Лаборатория биомониторинга</p><p>610000; ул. Московская, д. 36; Киров</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda V. Syrchina</p><p>Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Komi Science Centre; Laboratory of Biomonitoring</p><p>610000; 36 Moskovskaya St.; Kirov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nvms1956@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8049-6760</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пилип</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pilip</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лариса Валентиновна Пилип</p><p>610017; Октябрьский проспект, д. 133; Киров</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa V. Pilip</p><p>610017; 133 Oktyabrsky Pr.; Kirov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pilip_larisa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4919-0047</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ашихмина</surname><given-names>Т. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ashikhmina</surname><given-names>T. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тамара Яковлевна Ашихмина</p><p>167982; ул. Коммунистическая, д. 28; Сыктывкар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tamara Ya. Ashikhmina</p><p>167982; 28 Kommunisticheskaya St.; Syktyvkar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ecolab2@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Вятский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vyatka State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Вятский государственный агротехнологический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vyatka State Agrotechnological Universi</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт биологии Коми научного центра УрО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сырчина Н.В., Пилип Л.В., Ашихмина Т.Я., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сырчина Н.В., Пилип Л.В., Ашихмина Т.Я.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Syrchina N.V., Pilip L.V., Ashikhmina T.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sevin.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/726">https://sevin.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/726</self-uri><abstract><p>   Защита почв от загрязнения и восстановление их природных функций входят в число важнейших задач устойчивого развития. В настоящее время учеными разных стран проводятся активные исследования, направленные на поиск наилучших технологий ремедиации загрязненных территорий. Перспективными в этом отношении могут стать технологии биоремедиации, предполагающие использование различных микроорганизмов (МО), в частности бактерий, для разрушения или инактивации загрязняющих веществ. Бактерии имеют весьма пластичный генетический аппарат. Благодаря мутационному процессу в геноме этих МО появляются новые гены, позволяющие не только выживать в загрязненной среде, но и использовать ксенобиотики для получения энергии и пластических веществ. Наибольший интерес в качестве агентов биоремедиации могут представлять бактерии, относящиеся к типам Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria и Cyanobacteria. Эффективные штаммы этих бактерий способны инактивировать тяжелые металлы, разрушать нефтяные углеводороды, ароматические соединения, пестициды, фармацевтические препараты, красители, синтетические полимеры и другие поллютанты. Метаболические возможности бактерий могут быть расширены и усилены за счет редактирования их генома и создания искусственных саморегулирующихся консорциумов, включающих симбиотические МО, реализующие разные метаболические пути. Серьезным препятствием на пути широкого внедрения технологий биоремедиации в практику является недостаточные устойчивость и жизнеспособность выращенных в биореакторах штаммов в природной среде. Повышению стабильности и эффективности микробных технологий может способствовать использование новейших достижений генной и клеточной инженерии, интеллектуальных материалов, возможностей адресной доставки микроорганизмов-деструкторов и интеллектуального мониторинга.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Soil protection from pollution and restoration of their natural functions is the most important task of sustainable development. Currently, scientists from different countries are actively conducting research aimed at finding the best technologies for remediation of contaminated areas. Bioremediation technologies that involve the use of various microorganisms (MO), in particular bacteria, for the destruction or inactivation of pollutants can be very promising in this direction. Bacteria have a very flexible genetic apparatus. Due to the mutation process, new genes appear in the genome of these MO, allowing not only to survive in a polluted environment, but also to use xenobiotics to obtain energy and plastic substances. Bacteria belonging to the types Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria can be of the greatest interest as bioremediation agents. Effective strains of these bacteria are able to inactivate heavy metals, destroy petroleum hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, dyes, synthetic polymers and other pollutants. Metabolic capabilities of bacteria can be expanded and enhanced by editing their genome and creating artificial self-regulating consortia, including symbiotic MO implementing different metabolic pathways. A serious obstacle to the widespread introduction of bioremediation technologies into practice is the insufficient stability and viability of strains grown in bioreactors in the natural environment. The use of the latest achievements in genetic and cellular engineering, intelligent materials, the possibility of targeted delivery of destructor microorganisms and intelligent monitoring can contribute to increasing the stability and efficiency of microbial technologies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>почвы</kwd><kwd>бактерии</kwd><kwd>биоремедиация</kwd><kwd>биодеградация</kwd><kwd>микроорганизмы- биодеструкторы</kwd><kwd>агенты биоремедиации</kwd><kwd>ксенобитики</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>soils</kwd><kwd>bacteria</kwd><kwd>bioremediation</kwd><kwd>biodegradation</kwd><kwd>biodestructor microorganisms</kwd><kwd>bioremediation agents</kwd><kwd>xenobiotics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abatenh E., Gizaw B., Tsegaye Z., Wassie M. The role of microorganisms in bioremediation – A review. 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