sevinПОВОЛЖСКИЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛPovolzhskiy Journal of Ecology1684-73182541-8963Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А. Н. Северцова РАН; Товарищество научных изданий КМК.10.35885/1684-7318-2026-1-3-20sevin-722Research ArticleСтатьиАгроклиматические условия местообитаний и морфометрическая характеристика растений Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier (Apiaceae, Apiales) на территории Западно- го КавказаAgroclimatic conditions of habitats and morphometric characteristics of Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier (Apiaceae, Apiales) in the Western Caucasushttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5711-9916ДалькэИ. В.DalkeI. V.

Игорь Владимирович Далькэ

Лаборатория экологической физиологии растений

167982; ул. Коммунистическая, д. 28; Сыктывкар

Igor V. Dalke

Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology

167982; 28 Kommunisticheskaya St.; Syktyvkar

dalke@ib.komisc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6299-2285ЧадинИ. Ф.ChadinI. F.

Иван Федорович Чадин

167982; ул. Коммунистическая, д. 28; Сыктывкар

Ivan F. Chadin

167982; 28 Kommunisticheskaya St.; Syktyvkar

chadin@ib.komisc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0918-745XЗахожийИ. Г.ZakhozhiyI. G.

Илья Григорьевич Захожий

167982; ул. Коммунистическая, д. 28; Сыктывкар

Ilya G. Zakhozhiy

167982; 28 Kommunisticheskaya St.; Syktyvkar

zakhozhiy@ib.komisc.ruИнститут биологии Коми научного центра УрО РАНРоссияInstitute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation20261604202601320Copyright © Далькэ И.В., Чадин И.Ф., Захожий И.Г., 20262026Далькэ И.В., Чадин И.Ф., Захожий И.Г.Dalke I.V., Chadin I.F., Zakhozhiy I.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sevin.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/722

   В ходе маршрутных наблюдений выявлены местообитания растений Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier на территории Карачаево-Черкесской Республики и Краснодарского края. Анализ климатических данных показал, что в естественном ареале на Западном Кавказе оптимальные условия для роста и развития вида складываются в диапазоне высот от 700 до 1300 м над уровнем моря. Лимитирующими факторами расселения выступают длительность периода с устойчивым снежным покровом и высота снежного покрова, которые определяют возможность стратификации семян и вероятность холодового повреждения зимующих органов растений. В естественных местообитаниях на Кавказе растения встречаются одиночно или группами, насчитывающими до 30 – 50 особей. На трансформированных территориях вид формирует монодоминантные заросли с близким к 100 % проективным покрытием. В репродуктивный период растения вступают в возрасте от 2 до 4 полных лет жизни. Высота генеративных особей H. mantegazzianum достигает 350 см, масса наиболее крупных растений – от 11 до 20 кг, что сопоставимо с характеристиками особей этого вида во вторичном ареале.

   During our route surveys, few habitats of Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier were identified in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic and Krasnodarsky region. Analysis of climatic data have shown that within its native range in the Western Caucasus, the optimal conditions for the growth and development of this species occur at elevations ranging from 700 m to 1300 m asl. The limiting factors for its dispersal are the duration of the period with stable snow cover and snow depth, which determine the possibility of seed stratification and the risk of cold damage to overwintering plant organs. In its natural habitats in the Caucasus, such plants occur singly or in groups of up to 30–50 individuals. In disturbed habitats, the species forms monodominant stands with foliage projective cover close to 100 %. Plants enter the reproductive phase at the age of 2 to 4 full years. The height of generative H. mantegazzianum individuals reaches 3.5 m, and the mass of the largest plants ranges from 11 to 20 kg, which is comparable to the characteristics of individuals of this species in its invasive range. Voucher specimens of H. mantegazzianum collected in the Western Caucasus are deposited at the SYKO scientific herbarium (https://ib.komisc.ru/add/herbarium).

Heracleum mantegazzianumморфометрические признакифитомассакалендарный возрастЗападный Кавказснежный покровклиматHeracleum mantegazzianummorphological traitsphytomasscalendar ageWestern Caucasusclimatesnow depthЭкспедиционные работы выполнены при финансовой поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (проект № 20-54-18002). Анализ данных и подготовка рукописи статьи были проведены в рамках государственного задания ИБ ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН (№ госрегистрации 125020301262-2). Работа выполнена с использованием УНУ «Научный гербарий Института биологии Коми НЦ УрО РАН (SYKO)»The expedition was carried out with financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project No. 20-54-18002). Data analysis and preparation of the manuscript were carried out as part of the state assignment of the Institute of Biology and Fundamental Issues of the Komi Science Centre of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (No. 125020301262-2). 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.