sevinПОВОЛЖСКИЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛPovolzhskiy Journal of Ecology1684-73182541-8963Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А. Н. Северцова РАН; Товарищество научных изданий КМК.10.35885/1684-7318-2025-4-461-480sevin-700Research ArticleСтатьиРеконструкция истории нарушений чернично-сфагновых ельников в Центрально-Лесном заповедникеReconstruction of the disturbances history of blueberry-sphagnum spruce forests in the Central Forest Reservehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3493-2418ПукинскаяМ. Ю.PukinskayaM. Yu.

Пукинская Мария Юрьевна 

Лаборатория общей геоботаники 

197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Проф. Попова, д. 2

Mariya Yu. Pukinskaya

Laboratory of Vegetation Science 

2 Prof. Popova St., Saint Petersburg 197376

pukinskaya@gmail.comБотанический институт им. В. Л. Комарова РАНРоссияKomarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation20250401202604461480Copyright © Пукинская М.Ю., 20262026Пукинская М.Ю.Pukinskaya M.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sevin.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/700

Представлено исследование чернично-сфагновых ельников (из Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) в Центрально-Лесном заповеднике (Тверская область, подзона южной тайги). Пробные площади охватили 7 км2лесного массива. На всех пробных площадях были обнаружены угли. Реконструкция истории нарушений по кернам ели показала, что обследованная территория подвергалась пожарам высокой интенсивности в 1770 – 1780-е гг. и 1840 – 1870-е гг. Кроме того, часть елового массива испытала крупные ветровальные нарушения в 1900-х гг. (реконструкция), в 1987, 1996 и 2017/2018 гг., а также массовое усыхание в 2010 – 2020-х гг. За последние 250 лет прослеживается снижение частоты пирогенных нарушений и увеличение ветровальных. Редкость пожаров со второй половины XX в. – очевидный результат охраны заповедной территории. Период от последнего выявленного крупного нарушения до частичной или полной гибели древостоя (в настоящее время) составил в среднем 150 лет. Судя по таксационным описаниям 1939 г. в древостоях 17 из 20 пробных площадей (85%) ель доминировала уже через 70 лет после крупного нарушения (в основном после пожара), а в дальнейшем, за последующие 80 лет, соотношение ели и лиственных пород в древостое изменилось с 8:2 до 9:1. В моховом покрове за этот период произошла смена доминантов – Polytrichum commune Hedw. на Sphagnum girgensohnii Russ. За 250-летнюю историю обследованного елового массива разновозрастная структура древостоя не была достигнута. Через 150 лет после последних крупных нарушений в возрастной структуре выделяются два основных поколения ели, то есть на южной границе таежной зоны, говоря об устойчивости коренных древостоев, можно говорить только об устойчивом (непрерывном) существовании ельника на данной территории, которое определяется возможностью его самовозобновления. В настоящее время в Центрально-Лесном заповеднике присутствуют большие площади еловых молодняков на месте ураганных вывалов и участки сплошного усыхания древостоя ели. Такие леса пожароопасны, поэтому на современном этапе динамики еловых лесов Центрально-Лесного заповедника крайне важна охрана леса от пожаров.

The paper presents a study of blueberry-sphagnum spruce forests (from Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in the Central Forest Reserve (Tver region, southern taiga). The sample plots covered 7 km2of forest. Coals were found under the roots of fallen trees in all the test areas. Reconstruction of the history of disturbances based on spruce cores showed that the surveyed area was subjected to high-intensity fires in the 1770s–1780s and 1840s–1870s. In addition, part of the spruce forest experienced major wind disturbances in the 1900s (reconstruction), as well as in 1987, 1996 and 2017/2018, as well as the mass drying of spruce in the 2010s and 2020s. Over the past 250 years, there has been a decrease in the frequency of pyrogenic disturbances and an increase in wind damage. The rarity of fires since the second half of the 20th century is an obvious result of the strict protection of the reserve. The period from the last detected major disturbance to the partial or complete death of the stand (currently) averaged 150 years. Judging by the taxation descriptions of 1939, in the stands of 17 out of 20 sample plots (85%), spruce dominated 70 years after a major disturbance (mainly after a fire), and later, over the next 80 years, the ratio of spruce and small-leaved tree species in the stand changed from 8:2 to 9:1. In the moss cover during this period, there was a change of dominants, namely, Polytrichum commune Hedw. to Sphagnum girgensohnii Russ. Over the 250-year history of the surveyed spruce massif, the structure of the stand of different ages has not been achieved. 150 years after the last major violations, two main generations of spruce are distinguished in the age structure. That is, on the southern border of the taiga zone, speaking about the stability of primary stands, we can only talk about the stable (continuous) existence of a spruce forest in this territory, which is determined by the possibility of its selfrenewal. Currently, in the Central Forest Reserve there are large areas of spruce young trees at the place of hurricane falls and areas of complete drying of the spruce stand. Such forests are the most fire-prone. Therefore, at the present stage of the dynamics of the spruce forests in the Central Forest Reserve, it is extremely important to protect the forest from fires.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.