sevinПОВОЛЖСКИЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛPovolzhskiy Journal of Ecology1684-73182541-8963Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А. Н. Северцова РАН; Товарищество научных изданий КМК.10.35885/1684-7318-2025-4-437-451sevin-698Research ArticleСтатьиФакторы, влияющие на увеличение доли токсигенных цианобактерий рода Microcystis (Chroococcales, Cyanobacteria) в источниках водоснабженияFactors influencing the increase in the proportion of toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis (Chroococcales, Cyanobacteria) in water supply sourceshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0670-7918МикеровА. Н.MikerovA. N.

Микеров Анатолий Николаевич

410022, г. Саратов, ул. Заречная, здание 1А, стр. 1; 410012, г. Саратов, ул. Б. Казачья, д. 112

 

Anatoly N. Mikerov

1A, Unit 1 Zarechnaya St., Saratov 410022,

;112 Bolshaya Kazachya St., Saratov 410012 

 

mail@smncg.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6030-7344ТихомироваЕ. И.TikhomirovaE. I.

Тихомирова Елена Ивановна

410054, г. Саратов, ул. Политехническая, д. 77

Elena I. Tikhomirova

Politekhnicheskaya St., Saratov 410054

tichomirova_ei@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9234-4000МоисееваЕ. М.MoiseevaE. M.

Моисеева Елизавета Михайловна

Лаборатория химико-биологического мониторинга качества воды Саратовского медицинского научного центра гигиены 

410022, г. Саратов, ул. Заречная, здание 1А, стр. 1

Elizaveta M. Moiseeva

Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Monitoring of Water Quality 

1A, Unit 1 Zarechnaya St., Saratov 410022

moiseeva-el@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5070-4431КузяновД. А.KuzyanovD. A.

Кузянов Дмитрий Андреевич

410022, г. Саратов, ул. Заречная, здание 1А, стр. 1

Dmitriy A. Kuzyanov

1A, Unit 1 Zarechnaya St., Saratov 410022

dimakuzyanov@gmail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-1877ТелешеваЕ. М.TeleshevaE. M.

Телешева Елизавета Михайловна

410054, г. Саратов, ул. Политехническая, д. 77

Elizaveta M. Telesheva

77 Politekhnicheskaya St., Saratov 410054

sentebrinka@mail.ruСаратовский медицинский научный центр гигиены ФБУН «ФНЦ медикопрофилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения»; Саратовский государственный медицинский университет имени В. И. РазумовскогоРоссияSaratov Hygiene Medical Research Center of the Federal Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies”; Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. RazumovskyRussian FederationСаратовский государственный технический университет имени Гагарина Ю. А.РоссияYuri Gagarin State Technical University of SaratovRussian FederationСаратовский медицинский научный центр гигиены ФБУН «ФНЦ медикопрофилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения»РоссияSaratov Hygiene Medical Research Center of the Federal Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies”Russian Federation20250401202604437451Copyright © Микеров А.Н., Тихомирова Е.И., Моисеева Е.М., Кузянов Д.А., Телешева Е.М., 20262026Микеров А.Н., Тихомирова Е.И., Моисеева Е.М., Кузянов Д.А., Телешева Е.М.Mikerov A.N., Tikhomirova E.I., Moiseeva E.M., Kuzyanov D.A., Telesheva E.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sevin.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/698

Целью обзора является обобщение современных данных о факторах, влияющих на токсигенность цианобактерий рода Microcystis и синтез ими гепатотоксичных пептидов – микроцистинов. Проанализированы экологические факторы и приведены гипотезы, объясняющие их влияние на соотношение токсигенных и нетоксигенных штаммов в водоемах и экспрессию генов, ответственных за синтез микроцистина. Особое внимание уделено температуре, освещенности, эвтрофикации, окислительному стрессу и наличию микроэлементов. Приведены сведения о методах мониторинга токсигенных популяций, включая молекулярно-биологические подходы (ПЦР, ОТ-ПЦР). Исследования, посвященные изучению факторов окружающей среды, способствующих развитию токсигенных штаммов цианобактерий рода Microcystis в перспективе, могут быть использованы для прогнозирования вероятности обнаружения токсинов в воде источников хозяйственно-питьевого водоснабжения населения и определения временного интервала забора проб для определения количества микроцистина в воде водоисточника.

The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge on the factors influencing the toxigenicity of cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis and their ability to synthesize hepatotoxic peptides known as microcystins. Environmental factors affecting the ratio of toxigenic to nontoxigenic strains in aquatic ecosystems, as well as the expression levels of genes responsible for microcystin biosynthesis, are analyzed. Particular attention is given to the roles of temperature, light intensity, eutrophication, oxidative stress, and the availability of trace elements. Methods for monitoring toxigenic populations, including molecular biological approaches such as PCR and RT-PCR, are also discussed. Understanding the environmental drivers of toxigenic Microcystis proliferation may contribute to predicting the occurrence of microcystins in drinking water sources and determining optimal sampling periods for toxin monitoring in source waters.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.