sevinПОВОЛЖСКИЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛPovolzhskiy Journal of Ecology1684-73182541-8963Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А. Н. Северцова РАН; Товарищество научных изданий КМК.10.35885/1684-7318-2025-1-80-90sevin-630Research ArticleСтатьиМикробиологическая безопасность технологии ускоренной переработки навозаMicrobiological safety of the accelerated manure processing technologyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9695-7146СырчинаН. В.SyrchinaN. V.

Сырчина Надежда Викторовна, лаборатория биомониторинга Института биологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения РАН

610000, г. Киров, ул. Московская, д. 36 

Nadezhda V. Syrchina, biomonitoring Laboratory of the Institute of Biology of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

36 Moskovskaya St., Kirov 61000

nvms1956@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8049-6760ПилипЛ. В.PilipL. V.

Пилип Лариса Валентиновна

610017, г. Киров, Октябрьский просп., д. 133

Larisa V. Pilip

133 Oktyabrsky Prosp., Kirov 610017

pilip_larisa@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4919-0047АшихминаТ. Я.AshikhminaT. Ya.

Ашихмина Тамара Яковлевна

610000, г. Киров, ул. Московская, д. 36; 167982, Республика Коми, г. Сыктывкар, ул. Коммунистическая, д. 28 

Tamara Ya. Ashikhmina

36 Moskovskaya St., Kirov 610000; 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar, Republic of Komi 167982

ecolab2@gmail.comВятский государственный университетРоссияVyatka State UniversityRussian FederationВятский государственный агротехнологический университетРоссияVyatka State Agrotechnological UniversityRussian FederationВятский государственный университет; Институт биологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения РАНРоссияVyatka State University; Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of RASRussian Federation202509042025018090Copyright © Сырчина Н.В., Пилип Л.В., Ашихмина Т.Я., 20252025Сырчина Н.В., Пилип Л.В., Ашихмина Т.Я.Syrchina N.V., Pilip L.V., Ashikhmina T.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sevin.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/630

В современных условиях ведения животноводства необходимы новые экологически безопасные технологии переработки и утилизации побочных продуктов животноводства (ППЖ): навоза и навозных стоков животноводческих комплексов. Одной из таких технологий является производство восстановленной подстилки (ВП) в биореакторных установках (БРУ) из навоза крупного рогатого скота, внедренное на одном из молочных комплексов Кировской области. Применяемая технология рециклинга позволила получить однородный продукт мягкой, рыхлой консистенции, высокой гигроскопичности, бурого цвета со слабым характерным земельным запахом. Обработка навоза в БРУ в течение 24 ч при температуре 69±4ºС способствует существенному снижению влажности навозных стоков, повышению массовой доли органического вещества, зольности, рН, а также существенному снижению содержания общего числа микроорганизмов (МО) в 68.2 раза и видового разнообразия в 2.2 раза. Из состава микробиоты исчезли Proteus, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Pseudomonas, Peptococcus, Aspergillus, Klebsiella, входящие в число возбудителей мастита. Численность условно-патогенных энтерококков сократилась с (8.0±0.5)×106 до (5.0±0.5)×104 КОЕ/мл. После обработки в БРУ бифидобактерии заняли доминирующее положение в составе микробиты ВП (63% от общего числа выявленных МО), данный факт следует расценивать как достоинство соответствующей технологии и одно из преимуществ ВП. Однако высокую устойчивость при обработке навозных стоков в БРУ проявили условно-патогенные микроорганизмы родов Clostridium, Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus, Veillonella, Candida. Согласно результатам химического анализа, содержание крупного рогатого скота на ВП привело к накоплению в подстилочном навозе азота, фосфора и калия, что обусловлено постепенной деградацией органических компонентов ВП в процессе рециклинга. Представленные результаты могут быть использованы для оптимизации параметров обработки навоза крупного рогатого скота с использованием БРУ для повышения качества ВП.

Modern animal husbandry requires new environmentally friendly technologies for the processing and disposal of its by-products (BPAH), namely: manure and manure effluents from livestock complexes. One of these technologies is the production of reconstituted litter (RL) in Bedding Recovery Units (BRU) from cattle manure, introduced at one of the dairy complexes in the Kirov region. The recycling technology used made it possible to obtain a homogeneous product of a soft, loose consistency, high hydroscopicity, brown color with a weak characteristic earthy odor. Manure processing in BRU for 24 h at a temperature within 69±4°C contributes to a significant decrease in the humidity of manure effluents, an increase in the mass fraction of organic matter, ash content, pH, as well as a significant decrease of the total number of microorganisms (MO) (by 68.2 times) and species diversity (by 2.2 times). Proteus, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Pseudomonas, Peptococcus, Aspergillus, and Klebsiella, which are among the causative agents of mastitis, have disappeared from the microbiota. The numbers of opportunistic Enterococci decreased from (8.0±0.5)×106 down to (5.0±0.5)×104 CFU/ml. After processing in BRU, Bifidobacteria took a dominant position in the composition of microbiota in RL (63% of the total number of identified MO). This fact should be regarded as an advantage of the used technology and one of the advantages of the RL. However, conditionally pathogenic microorganisms of the genera Clostridium, Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus, Veillonella, and Candida showed high resistance to manure effluent processing in BRU. According to the chemical analysis results, the content of cattle on RL led to the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in litter manure, which is due to the gradual degradation of organic components of RL during recycling. The presented results can be used to optimize the parameters of processing cattle manure using BRU to improve the quality of RL.

рециклинг навозамикробиотакрупный рогатый скотвосстановленная подстилкабиореакторные установкифильтрационно-сушильные установкиmanure recyclingmicrobiotacattlereconstituted litterBedding Recovery Unitfiltration and drying plantsРабота выполнена в рамках государственного задания Института биологии ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН по теме «Структура и состояние компонентов техногенных экосистем подзоны южной тайги» (государственная регистрация в ЕГИСУ № 122040100032-5).The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Institute of Biology of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the theme “Structure and Condition of Components of Anthropogenic Ecosystems of the Southern Taiga Subzone” (state registration in EGISU No. 122040100032-5).ReferencesAstashkina A. P. Up to day review the biological feature of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus. Proceedings of Voronezh State University. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Pharmacy, 2010, no. 1, рр. 133–139 (in Russian).Astashkina A. P. Up to day review the biological feature of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus. Proceedings of Voronezh State University. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Pharmacy, 2010, no. 1, рр. 133–139 (in Russian).Caceres M., Nord C. E., Weintraub A. Ecological aspects of antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria. Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2001, vol. 3, no. 1, рр. 39–47 (in Russian).Caceres M., Nord C. E., Weintraub A. Ecological aspects of antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria. Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2001, vol. 3, no. 1, рр. 39–47 (in Russian).Gagnon M., Hamelin L., Fréchette A., Dufour S., Roy D. Effect of recycled manure solids as bedding on bulk tank milk and implications for cheese microbiological quality. Journal of Dairy Science, 2020, vol. 103, no. 1, pp. 128–140.Gagnon M., Hamelin L., Fréchette A., Dufour S., Roy D. Effect of recycled manure solids as bedding on bulk tank milk and implications for cheese microbiological quality. Journal of Dairy Science, 2020, vol. 103, no. 1, pp. 128–140.Kolevatykh E. P., Pilip L. V., Syrchina N. V., Kozvonin V. A., Ashikhmina T. Ya. Transformation of the microbiota of animal husbandry waste under the influence of chemical reagents to eliminate odor. Theoretical and Applied Ecology, 2022, no. 4, pр. 159–165 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.25750/1995-4301-2022-4-159-165Kolevatykh E. P., Pilip L. V., Syrchina N. V., Kozvonin V. A., Ashikhmina T. Ya. Transformation of the microbiota of animal husbandry waste under the influence of chemical reagents to eliminate odor. Theoretical and Applied Ecology, 2022, no. 4, pр. 159–165 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.25750/1995-4301-2022-4-159-165Laptev G. Yu., Novikova N. I., Ilina L. A., Yildirim E. A., Soldatova V. V., Nikonov I. N. Моlecular-genetic investigation of microorganisms corresponding mastide in cattle. Actual Issues in Agricultural Biology, 2017, no. 4, рр. 30–34 (in Russian).Laptev G. Yu., Novikova N. I., Ilina L. A., Yildirim E. A., Soldatova V. V., Nikonov I. N. Моlecular-genetic investigation of microorganisms corresponding mastide in cattle. Actual Issues in Agricultural Biology, 2017, no. 4, рр. 30–34 (in Russian).Lartseva L. V., Obukhova O. V. Comparative assessment of the sanitary and hygienic significance of Klebsiella isolated from clinical material and hydroecosystems. Literature review. Astrakhan Bulletin for Environmental Education, 2020, no. 2(56), рр. 143–154 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.36698/2304-5957-2020-19-2-143-154Lartseva L. V., Obukhova O. V. Comparative assessment of the sanitary and hygienic significance of Klebsiella isolated from clinical material and hydroecosystems. Literature review. Astrakhan Bulletin for Environmental Education, 2020, no. 2(56), рр. 143–154 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.36698/2304-5957-2020-19-2-143-154Leach K. A., Archer S. C., Breen J. E., Green M. J., Ohnstad I. C., Tuer S., Bradley A. J. Recycling manure as cow bedding: Potential benefits and risks for UK dairy farms. The Veterinary Journal, 2015, vol. 206, iss. 2, pp. 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.08.013Leach K. A., Archer S. C., Breen J. E., Green M. J., Ohnstad I. C., Tuer S., Bradley A. J. Recycling manure as cow bedding: Potential benefits and risks for UK dairy farms. The Veterinary Journal, 2015, vol. 206, iss. 2, pp. 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.08.013Lyashenko V. V., Kaeshova I. V., Vorobeva A. A. The effect of bio-litter on the productive qualities of cows. Surskiy Vestnik, 2021, no. 3(15), рр. 43–48 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.36461/2619-1202_2021_03_007Lyashenko V. V., Kaeshova I. V., Vorobeva A. A. The effect of bio-litter on the productive qualities of cows. Surskiy Vestnik, 2021, no. 3(15), рр. 43–48 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.36461/2619-1202_2021_03_007Munshi S. K., Roy J., Noor R. Microbiological investigation and determination of the antimicrobial potential of cow dung samples. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, 2018, vol. 8, iss. 1, pp. 34–37. https://doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v8i1.42437Munshi S. K., Roy J., Noor R. Microbiological investigation and determination of the antimicrobial potential of cow dung samples. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, 2018, vol. 8, iss. 1, pp. 34–37. https://doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v8i1.42437Mushina M. V., Telyatnikova N. V. Microflora of manure. Youth and Science, 2016, no. 8, рр. 8 (in Russian). Pilip L. V., Syrchina N. V. The importance of microorganisms-ammonifiers of manure effluents in the emission of ammonia. KSTU News, 2023, no. 68, pp. 46–54 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.46845/1997-3071-2023-68-46-54Mushina M. V., Telyatnikova N. V. Microflora of manure. Youth and Science, 2016, no. 8, рр. 8 (in Russian). Pilip L. V., Syrchina N. V. The importance of microorganisms-ammonifiers of manure effluents in the emission of ammonia. KSTU News, 2023, no. 68, pp. 46–54 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.46845/1997-3071-2023-68-46-54Pilip L. V., Syrchina N. V., Kozvonin V. A., Kolevatykh E. P., Ashikhmina T. Ya., Sazanov A. V. Biological contamination of arable land with pig waste. Theoretical and Applied Ecology, 2022, no. 3, pр. 199–205 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.25750/1995-4301-2022-3-199-205Pilip L. V., Syrchina N. V., Kozvonin V. A., Kolevatykh E. P., Ashikhmina T. Ya., Sazanov A. V. Biological contamination of arable land with pig waste. Theoretical and Applied Ecology, 2022, no. 3, pр. 199–205 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.25750/1995-4301-2022-3-199-205Pilip L. V., Syrchina N. V., Ashikhmina T. Ya., Kolevatykh E. P. Coliform bacteria as components in biofilm of manure effluents. South of Russia: Ecology, Development, 2023a, vol. 18, no. 3(68), рр. 118–125 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-3-118-125Pilip L. V., Syrchina N. V., Ashikhmina T. Ya., Kolevatykh E. P. Coliform bacteria as components in biofilm of manure effluents. South of Russia: Ecology, Development, 2023a, vol. 18, no. 3(68), рр. 118–125 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-3-118-125Pilip L. V., Syrchina N. V., Kolevatykh E. P., Rutman V. V. Influence of various types of surfactants on gas emissions and microbiota of the liquid fraction of manure effluents. Theoretical and Applied Ecology, 2023b, no. 3, рр. 59–72 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.25750/1995-4301-2023-3-059-072Pilip L. V., Syrchina N. V., Kolevatykh E. P., Rutman V. V. Influence of various types of surfactants on gas emissions and microbiota of the liquid fraction of manure effluents. Theoretical and Applied Ecology, 2023b, no. 3, рр. 59–72 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.25750/1995-4301-2023-3-059-072Pilip L. V., Syrchina N. V., Kolevatykh E. P. Safety assessment of regenerated litter obtained at the filtration and drying plant. Russian Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023c, no. 1(33), pр. 45–51 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.24852/2411-7374.2023.1.45.51Pilip L. V., Syrchina N. V., Kolevatykh E. P. Safety assessment of regenerated litter obtained at the filtration and drying plant. Russian Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023c, no. 1(33), pр. 45–51 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.24852/2411-7374.2023.1.45.51RD-APK 1.10.15.02-17. Methodological Recommendations for Technological Design Methodological Recommendations for Technological Design of Systems for Removal and Preparation for Use of Manure and Litter. Moscow, Rosinformagrotech, 2017. 172 p. (in Russian).RD-APK 1.10.15.02-17. Methodological Recommendations for Technological Design Methodological Recommendations for Technological Design of Systems for Removal and Preparation for Use of Manure and Litter. Moscow, Rosinformagrotech, 2017. 172 p. (in Russian).Regulation (EC) no 1069/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009. Available at: https://fsvps.gov.ru/sites/default/files/fsvps-docs/ru/usefulinf/files/es1069-2009.pdf (accessed December 5, 2023).Regulation (EC) no 1069/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009. Available at: https://fsvps.gov.ru/sites/default/files/fsvps-docs/ru/usefulinf/files/es1069-2009.pdf (accessed December 5, 2023).Shilnikova I. I., Dyakova S. A., Kulaga E. V., Sokolova E. N., Tereshchenko I. V., Dmitrieva N. V. The identification and sensitivity to antibiotics of Clostridia, including Clostridia difficile isolated under infectious complications in oncologic patients. Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 2016, vol. 61, no. 7, рр. 439–444 (in Russian).Shilnikova I. I., Dyakova S. A., Kulaga E. V., Sokolova E. N., Tereshchenko I. V., Dmitrieva N. V. The identification and sensitivity to antibiotics of Clostridia, including Clostridia difficile isolated under infectious complications in oncologic patients. Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 2016, vol. 61, no. 7, рр. 439–444 (in Russian).Sukhina M. A., Savelev V. N. Epidemiology and pathogenicity of clinically significant anaerobes. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention, 2005, no. 1, рр. 41–44 (in Russian).Sukhina M. A., Savelev V. N. Epidemiology and pathogenicity of clinically significant anaerobes. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention, 2005, no. 1, рр. 41–44 (in Russian).Syrchina N. V., Pilip L. V., Ashikhmina T. Ya. Chemical land degradation under the influence of animal husbandry waste. Theoretical and Applied Ecology, 2022, no. 3, pр. 219–225 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.25750/1995-4301-2022-3-219-225Syrchina N. V., Pilip L. V., Ashikhmina T. Ya. Chemical land degradation under the influence of animal husbandry waste. Theoretical and Applied Ecology, 2022, no. 3, pр. 219–225 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.25750/1995-4301-2022-3-219-225Syrchina N. V., Pilip L. V., Kolevatykh E. P., Ashikhmina T. Ya. Effect of various processing methods on the numbers of Clostridium (Clostridia, Bacteria) in animal by-products. Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology, 2023, no. 4, pp. 466–480 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2023-4-466-480Syrchina N. V., Pilip L. V., Kolevatykh E. P., Ashikhmina T. Ya. Effect of various processing methods on the numbers of Clostridium (Clostridia, Bacteria) in animal by-products. Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology, 2023, no. 4, pp. 466–480 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2023-4-466-480Zotova E. P., Trifonova T. I. The effect of exometabolites of lacto- and bifidobacteria on the human body. Academic Journal of West Siberia, 2016, vol. 12, no. 5, рр. 52–54 (in Russian).Zotova E. P., Trifonova T. I. The effect of exometabolites of lacto- and bifidobacteria on the human body. Academic Journal of West Siberia, 2016, vol. 12, no. 5, рр. 52–54 (in Russian).

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.