sevinПОВОЛЖСКИЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛPovolzhskiy Journal of Ecology1684-73182541-8963Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А. Н. Северцова РАН; Товарищество научных изданий КМК.10.35885/1684-7318-2024-4-385-398sevin-600Research ArticleСтатьиPseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus megaterium и Pseudomonas putida в восстановлении техногенно нарушенных территорий КузбассаPseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus megaterium, and Pseudomonas putida in the restoration of technogenically disturbed territories of the Kuzbasshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4988-8197АсякинаЛ. К.AsyakinaL. K.

Асякина Людмила Константиновна

650000, г. Кемерово, ул. Красная, д. 6 

Lyudmila K. Asyakina

6 Krasnaya St., Kemerovo 650000

alk_kem@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6362-7589БородинаЕ. Е.BorodinaE. E.

Бородина Екатерина Евгеньевна, Лаборатория фиторемедиации техногенно нарушенных экосистем 

650000, г. Кемерово, ул. Красная, д. 6 

Ekaterina E. Borodina

6 Krasnaya St., Kemerovo 650000

kborodina1908@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-0258ФотинаН. В.FotinaN. V.

Фотина Наталья Вячеславовна

650000, г. Кемерово, ул. Красная, д. 6 

Natalya V. Fotina

6 Krasnaya St., Kemerovo 650000

fotina.natashenka@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0309-5709НевероваО. А.NeverovaO. A.

Неверова Ольга Александровна

650000, г. Кемерово, ул. Красная, д. 6 

Olga A. Neverova

6 Krasnaya St., Kemerovo 650000

neverova@kemsu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3536-562XМилентьеваИ. С.MilentyevaI. S.

Милентьева Ирина Сергеевна

650000, г. Кемерово, ул. Красная, д. 6 

Irina S. Milentyeva

6 Krasnaya St., Kemerovo 650000

irazumnikova@mail.ruКемеровский государственный университетРоссияKemerovo State UniversityRussian Federation20242312202404385398Copyright © Асякина Л.К., Бородина Е.Е., Фотина Н.В., Неверова О.А., Милентьева И.С., 20242024Асякина Л.К., Бородина Е.Е., Фотина Н.В., Неверова О.А., Милентьева И.С.Asyakina L.K., Borodina E.E., Fotina N.V., Neverova O.A., Milentyeva I.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sevin.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/600

Кузбасс – крупнейший регион, специализирующийся на добыче полезных ископаемых. Большинство горных разработок в регионе производится открытым методом, который является наиболее безопасным и эффективным, однако способствует образованию значительного количества техногенно нарушенных почв. Для формирования плодородного слоя почв и растительного покрова рационально совместное использование микроорганизмов в совокупности с растениями. Известно, что микроорганизмы способны интенсифицировать рост растений за счет улучшения их питания, синтеза ростостимулирующих веществ, защиты от фитопатогенов. При этом наибольшие ростостимулирующие свойства отмечены для представителей рода Pseudomonas и Bacillus. В свою очередь, некоторые растения, в частности житняк гребневидный (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.), формируют устойчивый травостой и участвуют в образовании поверхностного горизонта почв (дернины). Цель исследования: изучить перспективы совместного использования Pseudomonas fluorescens B-4252, Bacillus megaterium B-3778, Pseudomonas putida B-2950 и житняка гребневидного для повышения плодородия и формирования устойчивого растительного покрова на техногенно нарушенных почвах Кузбасса. Установлено, что изучаемые штаммы способны продуцировать синильную кислоту, фитогормоны, а также осуществлять солюбилизацию фосфора и фиксацию азота. При этом штаммы и консорциумы на их основе улучшают рост житняка в лабораторных условиях. Обработка семян данными микроорганизмами способствует повышению всхожести и скорости роста житняка. Так, всхожесть семян при обработке консорциумом № 2 составила 94%, что на 12% больше по сравнению с контролем (без обработки). Средняя длина ростков при данном варианте обработки составила 56 мм, что превышает контрольные показатели на 43%. За счет описанных качеств консорциум может стать эффективным агентом, ускоряющим восстановление техноземов Кузбасса. 

The Kuznetsk Basin (Kuzbass) is the largest Russian region specializing in mining. Most mining operations in the region are carried out by the open method, which is the safest and most effective, but contributes to the formation of a significant amount of technogenically disturbed land. To form a fertile soil layer and vegetation cover, it is rational to use microorganisms together with plants. Microorganisms are known to be able to intensify plant growth by improving their nutrition, synthesis of growth-stimulating substances, and protection from phytopathogens. The greatest growth-stimulating properties were noted for representatives of the genera Pseudomonas and Bacillus. In turn, some plants, in particular the granary (Agropyron cristatum L.), form stable herbage and participate in the formation of the surface horizon of soils (sod). The purpose of the work was to study the prospects for the joint use of Pseudomonas fluorescens B-4252, Bacillus megaterium B-3778, Pseudomonas putida B-2950, and granary to increase fertility and form a stable vegetation cover in the technogenically disturbed territories of the Kuznetsk Basin. It has been established that the studied strains are capable of producing prussic acid, phytohormones, as well as phosphorus solubilization and nitrogen fixation. These strains and consortia based thereon improve the growth of the granary in laboratory conditions. Seed treatment with the above microorganisms contributes to an increase in germination and the growth rate of the granary. E.g., the germination of seeds during processing by consortium No. 2 was 94%, which was 12% more compared to the control (without treatment). The average length of the sprouts in this treatment option was 56 mm, which was more than 17 mm for the control. Due to the described qualities, the consortium could become an effective agent to accelerate the restoration of the Kuzbass technozems. 

техноземыризобактерииPseudomonasBacillusотвалыплодородиеtechnozemsrhizobacteriaPseudomonasBacillusdumpsfertilityРабота выполнена в рамках Распоряжения Правительства Российской Федерации от 11.05.2022 г. № 1144-р, комплексной научно-технической программы полного инновационного цикла «Разработка и внедрение комплекса технологий в областях разведки и добычи твердых полезных ископаемых, обеспечения промышленной безопасности, биоремедиации, создания новых продуктов глубокой переработки из угольного сырья при последовательном снижении экологической нагрузки на окружающую среду и рисков для жизни населения» («Чистый уголь – зеленый Кузбасс»), мероприятие 3.1 «Экополигон мирового уровня технологий рекультивации и ремедиации». 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.