sevinПОВОЛЖСКИЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛPovolzhskiy Journal of Ecology1684-73182541-8963Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А. Н. Северцова РАН; Товарищество научных изданий КМК.10.35885/1684-7318-2024-3-291-303sevin-587Research ArticleСтатьиОценка и состояние малой реки на урбанизированных территориях (на примере р. Курдюм муниципального образования «Город Саратов»)Assessment and condition of a small river in urbanized areas (with the example of the river Kurdyum of the municipal formation “Saratov city”)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5359-1065БеликовА. С.BelikovА. S.

Беликов Александр Сергеевич - Кафедра ботаники и экологии.

410012, Саратов, ул. Астраханская, д. 83

Alexander S. Belikov - Department of Botany and Ecology.

83 Astrakhanskaya St., Saratov 410012

a.belik99@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0322-3755БолдыревВ. А.BoldyrevV. A.

Болдырев Владимир Александрович

410012, Саратов, ул. Астраханская, д. 83

Vladimir A. Boldyrev

83 Astrakhanskaya St., Saratov 410012

boldyrev52@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9866-6094СедоваО. В.SedovaO. V.

Седова Оксана Владимировна

410012, Саратов, ул. Астраханская, д. 83

Oksana V. Sedova

83 Astrakhanskaya St., Saratov 410012

sedova_ov@mail.ruСаратовский национальный исследовательский государственный университет имени Н.Г. ЧернышевскогоРоссияSaratov State UniversityRussian Federation20240810202403291303Copyright © Беликов А.С., Болдырев В.А., Седова О.В., 20242024Беликов А.С., Болдырев В.А., Седова О.В.Belikov А.S., Boldyrev V.A., Sedova O.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sevin.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/587

Представлены результаты исследования экологического состояния реки Курдюм в пределах муниципального образования «Город Саратов». В полевые сезоны 2022 – 2023 гг. были изучены гидрохимический режим, гидрофильная флора и растительность водотока. Проведена оценка экологического состояния реки по структурным параметрам макрофитов. Видовой состав водных растений р. Курдюм представлен 41 видом макрофитов, принадлежащим к 32 родам, 23 семействам и трем отделам Charophyta, Polypodiophyta и Magnoliophyta. По количеству видов преобладают семейства Potamogetonaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Typhaceae и Ranunculaceae. Наибольшее количество видов (четыре) содержит род Potamogeton, остальные рода представлены одним – двумя видами. Многочисленной экологической группой являются гидрофиты, составляющие 51% от общего числа видов. Выявлены новые местонахождения редких для Саратовской области видов (Myriophyllum verticillatum и Zannichellia palustris). Растительный покров р. Курдюм характеризуется наибольшим фитоценотическим разнообразием настоящей водной растительности. Обеднение фитоценотического состава гелофитной и гигрофитной растительности объясняется отсутствием благоприятных условий для развития их фитоценозов (на значительном протяжении водоток имеет абразионные берега) или вытаптыванием и поеданием пастбищными животными. Исследованная река отличается видовым разнообразием по сравнению с ранее изученными городскими водотоками. В результате сопоставления индексов выявлена обратная связь видового разнообразия и уровня антропогенной нагрузки. С помощью кластерного анализа было выявлено, что структура флоры и растительности от истока до устья реки не однородна и формируется под влиянием совокупности гидролого-химических и антропогенных факторов. Результаты химического анализа воды показали превышение предельно-допустимых концентраций Fe, Zn, Cu, ПАВ, NO2, NH3 на всем протяжении реки. Однако экологические показатели, оцениваемые на основе структурных параметров макрофитов, позволяют считать экологическое состояние водотока удовлетворительным. Таким образом, р. Курдюм является умеренно загрязненной с высоким трофическим статусом.

The results of the study of the ecological status of the Kurdyum river within the municipal formation “Saratov city” are presented. The hydrochemical regime, hydrophilic flora and vegetation of the watercourse were studied in the 2022–2023 field seasons. The ecological status of the river by structural parameters of macrophytes was assessed. The species composition of aquatic plants in the river Kurdyum was represented by 41 macrophyte species belonging to 32 genera, 23 families and three divisions (Charophyta, Polypodiophyta, and Magnoliophyta). The families Potamogetonaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Typhaceae and Ranunculaceae predominated by the number of species. The genus Potamogeton contained the greatest number of species (four) while other genera were represented by one – two species. Hydrophytes were a numerous ecological group, accounting for 51% of the total number of species. New locations of species rare for the Saratov region (Myriophyllum verticillatum and Zannichellia palustris) were revealed. The vegetation cover of the Kurdyum river is characterized by the greatest phytocenotic diversity of true aquatic vegetation. The impoverishment of the phytocenotic composition of helophytic and hygrophytic vegetation is explained by the lack of favorable conditions for the development of their phytocenoses (the watercourse has abrasion banks along a significant length) or trampling and eating by grazing animals. The studied river is characterized by species diversity in comparison with previously studied urban watercourses. Index comparison has revealed an inverse relationship between species diversity and the level of anthropogenic load. Cluster analysis has revealed that the structure of flora and vegetation from the source to the mouth of the river is not homogeneous and is formed under the influence of a combination of hydrological, chemical and anthropogenic factors. The results of our chemical analysis of the water showed that the maximum permissible concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, surfactants, NO2 and NH3 were exceeded throughout the river. However, the environmental indicators assessed based on the structural parameters of macrophytes allow us to consider the ecological status of the watercourse satisfactory. Thus, the Kurdyum river is moderately polluted with a high trophic status.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.