sevinПОВОЛЖСКИЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛPovolzhskiy Journal of Ecology1684-73182541-8963Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А. Н. Северцова РАН; Товарищество научных изданий КМК.10.35885/1684-7318-2024-2-129-151sevin-565Research ArticleСТАТЬИARTICLESСовременная экспансия сипухи (Tyto alba) (Tytonidae, Aves) в Северной ЕвразииCurrent expansion of the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) (Tytonidae, Aves) in Northern Eurasiahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2316-5353БеликВ. П.BelikV. P.

Виктор Павлович Белик

Кафедра зоологии

344006; ул. Большая Садовая, д. 105; Роcmов-на-Дону

Viktor P. Belik

Department of Zoology

344006; 105 Bolshaya Sadovaya St.; Rostov-on-Don

vpbelik@mail.ruЮжный федеральный универcиmеmРоссияSouthern Federal UniversityRussian Federation20241407202402129151Copyright © Белик В.П., 20242024Белик В.П.Belik V.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sevin.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/565

   На севере Евразии до середины XX в. сипуха (Tyto alba) была спорадично распространена лишь в Прибалтике, на западе Белоруссии и Украины и в Молдавии. Однажды в 1942 г. залетная птица была добыта также в Туркмении. В конце XX в. появились сообщения о редких встречах сипух в Восточной Европе, а с начала XXI в. отмечена выраженная экспансия этих птиц, наблюдающаяся на юге Украины, в Крыму, в Предкавказье и Закавказье. Свои гнездовые ареалы одновременно расширяют разные подвиды, обитающие в Центральной и Южной Европе и на Среднем Востоке: T. a. guttata, T. a. alba и T. a. erlangeri. Однако визуальное определение подвидов и выяснение направления их экспансии затруднено сходством разных форм и их значительной индивидуальной изменчивостью, связанной с возрастом, полом, интерградацией с соседними подвидами и с другими факторами. Появление оседлых сипух в новых местах обычно предваряет их послегнездовая дисперсия, направленная в разные стороны и достигающая в отдельных случаях 1-2 тыс. км от места рождения. Благодаря расширению ареала, число популяций сипухи в разных регионах в последние десятилетия многократно увеличилось, но точные оценки их численности здесь отсутствуют из-за редкости и спорадичности новых находок, весьма скрытного образа жизни этих птиц и недостаточных знаний их экологии и этологии на севере Евразии. Рассматривается систематика разных популяций сипухи в Северной Евразии и основные диагностические признаки некоторых подвидов, обитающих на севере Евразии, а также анализируются особенности их исторического и современного распространения и расселения в Евразии. Автор обсуждает также возможные причины и механизмы дисперсии сипух и касается сведений о динамике их численности в разных регионах.

   In the north of Eurasia, until the mid-twentieth century, the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) was sporadically distributed only in the Baltic states, in the west of Belarus and Ukraine, and in Moldova. Once, in 1942, a vagrant bird was caught in Turkmenistan also. At the end of the 20th century, reports appeared of rare recordings of barn owls in Eastern Europe, and since the beginning of the 21st century, pronounced expansion of these birds has been noted, observed in the south of Ukraine, Crimea, Ciscaucasia, and Transcaucasia. Different subspecies living in Central and Southern Europe and the Middle East are simultaneously expanding their nesting areas, namely: a. guttata, T. a. alba, and T. a. erlangeri. However, visual identification of subspecies and clarification of the direction of their expansion are complicated by the similarity of various forms and their significant individual variability associated with age, sex, intergradation with neighboring subspecies and other factors. The appearance of sedentary barn owls in new places is usually preceded by their post-nesting dispersion, directed in all directions and in some cases reaching 1–2 thousand km from the place of birth. Owing to the expansion of its range, barn owl populations have increased many times in a number of regions over the past decades, but accurate estimates of their numbers there are missing due to the rarity and sporadical nature of new finds, the very secretive lifestyle of these birds and insufficient knowledge of their ecology and ethology in the north of Eurasia. The article examines the taxonomy of various barn owl populations in Northern Eurasia and main diagnostic characteristics of some subspecies living in the north of Eurasia, as well as analyzes features of their historical and current distribution and expansion in Eurasia. The author also discusses possible causes and mechanisms of the barn owl dispersion and touches on information on the dynamics of their numbers in few regions.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.