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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sevin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПОВОЛЖСКИЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1684-7318</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8963</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А. Н. Северцова РАН; Товарищество научных изданий КМК.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35885/1684-7318-2023-2-196-213</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sevin-439</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Токсичность дыма для биоты и биологической активности почв при моделировании пожаров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Smoke toxicity to the biota and the biological activity of soils when modeling fires</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6443-6039</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нижельский</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nizhelskiy</surname><given-names>М. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>344090, г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. Б. Садовая, д. 105/42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya St., Rostov-on-Don 344090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nizhelskiy@sfedu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0252-6212</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казеев</surname><given-names>К. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazeev</surname><given-names>К. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>344090, г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. Б. Садовая, д. 105/42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya St., Rostov-on-Don 344090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kamil_kazeev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1374-3941</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вилкова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vilkova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>344090, г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. Б. Садовая, д. 105/42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya St., Rostov-on-Don 344090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lera.vilkova.00@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1690-6048</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоренко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorenko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>344090, г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. Б. Садовая, д. 105/42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya St., Rostov-on-Don 344090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pushok.mur@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5860-8420</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесников</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikov</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>344090, г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. Б. Садовая, д. 105/42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya St., Rostov-on-Don 344090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kolesnikov@sfedu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Южный федеральный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Southern Federal University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>196</fpage><lpage>213</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нижельский М.С., Казеев К.Ш., Вилкова В.В., Федоренко А.Н., Колесников С.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нижельский М.С., Казеев К.Ш., Вилкова В.В., Федоренко А.Н., Колесников С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nizhelskiy М.S., Kazeev К.S., Vilkova V.V., Fedorenko A.N., Kolesnikov S.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sevin.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/439">https://sevin.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/439</self-uri><abstract><p>Приводятся результаты по влиянию одного из видов пирогенного фактора (дым) после сжигания стружек хвойных пород деревьев на биоиндикаторы (почвенные ферменты, микроорганизмы, мезофауна, растения сельскохозяйственных культур). Установлено, что задымление в течение 60 минут значительно повлияло на ферментативную активность чернозема обыкновенного. Посредством фумигации произошло снижение таких ферментов, как каталаза, пероксидаза, полифенолоксидаза и инвертаза. Наиболее чувствительными к дыму оказались ферменты класса оксидоредуктаз. Выявлена высокая токсичность газообразных продуктов горения к почвенной флоре и фауне. В результате воздействия фумигации на биоиндикаторы определена острая токсичность дыма. Зафиксирована высокая смертность тест-объектов в опытах (Eisenia fetida, Nauphoeta cinerea). Почвенные микроорганизмы (Azotobacter chroococcum и Penicillium chrysogenum) оказались информативным показателем после 30–120 минут фумигации. Выявлена устойчивость всходов растений (Raphanus sativus, Triticum aestivum, Pisum sativum) к газообразным продуктам горения. Выполнен эксперимент по определению химического состава газов в дыму. Установлено, что в нем содержатся такие опасные соединения, как диоксид серы (SO2), оксид и диоксид азота (NO, NO2), оксид углерода (CO), ацетальдегид (С2Н4О), формальдегид (CH2O), фенол (С6Н6O) гидроксибензол и другие, которые оказали неблагоприятное воздействие на индикаторы. Анализ выявил, что концентрация оксида углерода в 714 раз превышала максимально разовую предельно допустимую концентрацию (ПДК), ацетальдегида – в 24100 раз, концентрация оксида азота и диоксида азота – в 100 и 300 раз соответственно.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents the results of our study on the effect of one type of pyrogenic factor (smoke) after burning coniferous wood chips on several bioindicators (soil enzymes, microorganisms, mesofauna, plants of agricultural crops). Exposition to smoke for 60 minutes was found to significantly affect the enzymatic activity of common chernozem. Fumigation caused a decrease in such enzymes as catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and invertase. The enzymes of the oxidoreductase class were the most sensitive to smoke. High toxicity of gaseous combustion products to the soil flora and fauna was revealed. The acute toxicity of smoke to the bioindicators was determined as a result of fumigation. High mortality of test objects (Eisenia fetida, Nauphoeta cinerea) was recorded in our experiments. Soil microorganisms (Azotobacter chroococcum and Penicillium chrysogenum) proved to be informative after 30–120 minutes of fumigation. Resistance of plant sprouts (Raphanus sativus, Triticum aestivum, and Pisum sativum) to combustion gaseous products was revealed. An experiment to analyze the chemical composition of gases in smoke was performed. Such hazardous compounds as sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide and dioxide (NO, NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), acetaldehyde (C2H4O), formaldehyde (CH2O), phenol (C6H6O) hydroxybenzene and others were found to be contained therein. Our analysis revealed that the concentrations of carbon monoxide were 714 times higher than its maximum permissible concentration (MPC), which acetaldehyde was 24,100 times higher. The nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide concentrations were 100 and 300 times higher, respectively.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пирогенное воздействие</kwd><kwd>биотестирование</kwd><kwd>биоиндикаторы</kwd><kwd>ферменты</kwd><kwd>тест-объекты</kwd><kwd>микроорганизмы</kwd><kwd>токсичность</kwd><kwd>химический состав дыма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pyrogenic exposure</kwd><kwd>biotesting</kwd><kwd>bioindicators</kwd><kwd>enzymes</kwd><kwd>test objects</kwd><kwd>microorganisms</kwd><kwd>toxicity</kwd><kwd>chemical composition of smoke</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ в рамках государственного задания в сфере научной деятельности (№ FENW-2023-0008) и при финансовой поддержке ведущей научной школы Российской Федерации (НШ-449.2022.5).</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The research was carried out with the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the state assignment in the field of scientific activity (№ FENW-2023-0008) and with the financial support of the Leading Scientific School of the Russian Federation (NSh-449.2022.5).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бердникова Л. 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