sevinПОВОЛЖСКИЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛPovolzhskiy Journal of Ecology1684-73182541-8963Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А. Н. Северцова РАН; Товарищество научных изданий КМК.10.35885/1684-7318-2022-2-193-205sevin-360Research ArticleСТАТЬИARTICLESВлияние компонентов корневых экссудатов растений на деградацию фенантрена ризобактерией Mycolicibacterium gilvum (Mycobacteriaceae, Actinobacteria)Effect of plant root exudate constituents on the degradation of phenanthrene by rhizobacterium Mycolicibacterium gilvum (Mycobacteriaceae, Actinobacteria)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4949-4163ПанченкоЛ. В.PanchenkoL. V.

Панченко Леонид Владимирович

410049, г. Саратов, просп. Энтузиастов, д. 13

Leonid V. Panchenko

13 Prospect Entuziastov, Saratov 410049

panchenko_l@ibppm.ruКузяновД. А.KuzyanovD. A.

Кузянов Дмитрий Андреевич 

410012, г. Саратов, ул. Астраханская, д. 83 

Dmitry A. Kuzyanov

83 Astrakhanskaya St., Saratov 410012

dimakuzyanov2000@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3836-0258ПлешаковаЕ. В.PleshakovaYe. V.

Плешакова Екатерина Владимировна

410012, г. Саратов, ул. Астраханская, д. 83 

Yekaterina V. Pleshakova

83 Astrakhanskaya St., Saratov 410012

plekat@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0505-4628ПоздняковаН. Н.PozdnyakovaN. N.

Позднякова Наталия Николаевна

410049, г. Саратов, просп. Энтузиастов, д. 13

Natalia N. Pozdnyakova

13 Prospect Entuziastov, Saratov 410049

pozdnyakova_n@ibppm.ruМуратоваА. Ю.MuratovaA. Yu.

Муратова Анна Юрьевна

410049, г. Саратов, просп. Энтузиастов, д. 13

Anna Yu. Muratova

13 Prospect Entuziastov, Saratov 410049

muratova_a@ibppm.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-4046ТурковскаяО. В.TurkovskayaO. V.

Турковская Ольга Викторовна 

410049, г. Саратов, просп. Энтузиастов, д. 13

 Olga V. Turkovskaya

13 Prospect Entuziastov, Saratov 410049

turkovskaya_o@ibppm.ruИнститут биохимии и физиологии растений и микроорганизмов, ФИЦ «Саратовский научный центр РАН»РоссияInstitute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms of Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationСаратовский национальный исследовательский государственный университет имени Н. Г. ЧернышевскогоРоссияSaratov State UniversityRussian Federation20221011202202193205Copyright © Панченко Л.В., Кузянов Д.А., Плешакова Е.В., Позднякова Н.Н., Муратова А.Ю., Турковская О.В., 20222022Панченко Л.В., Кузянов Д.А., Плешакова Е.В., Позднякова Н.Н., Муратова А.Ю., Турковская О.В.Panchenko L.V., Kuzyanov D.A., Pleshakova Y.V., Pozdnyakova N.N., Muratova A.Y., Turkovskaya O.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sevin.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/360

Исследовано влияние мажорных компонентов корневых экссудатов – карбоновых кислот (на примере янтарной кислоты) и представителей вторичных растительных метаболитов фенольной природы – флавоноидов (на примере флавонола рутина) на микробную деградацию трехкольцевого полициклического ароматического углеводорода (ПАУ) фенантрена ризобактерией Mycolicibacterium gilvum. Деструктивную активность микроорганизмов по отношению к ПАУ изучали, культивируя их в жидкой минеральной среде, содержащей фенантрен (0.2 г/л), янтарную кислоту (5 г/л) и рутин в концентрациях 0, 0.05, 0.1 и 0.2 ммоль/л при 30°С в условиях аэрации на качалке (130 об./мин) в течение 14 сут. Проведенное исследование показало стимулирующее действие янтарной кислоты и рутина на микробную деградацию фенантрена. Установлено, что карбоксилат служил основным ростовым субстратом для микроорганизма, тогда как флавонол и ПАУ незначительно влияли на рост бактерии. В отношении исследуемого микроорганизма рутин не оказывал антимикробного действия, напротив, в сочетании с янтарной кислотой значительно увеличивал прирост биомассы. В высоких концентрациях (0.1 и 0.2 ммоль/л) рутин ингибировал деградацию фенантрена, которая снижалась на 22 и 56% соответственно. Однако в концентрации 0.05 ммоль/л рутин, напротив, увеличивал ее на 10%. Таким образом, полученные результаты позволили показать зависимость эффективности микробной деградации ПАУ от присутствия, сочетания и концентрации компонентов корневых экссудатов растений.

The influence of the major components of plant root exudates, namely, carboxylic acids (succinic acid as an example) and secondary plant phenolic metabolites – flavonoids (rutin as an example), on the microbial degradation of the three-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) phenanthrene by rhizobacterium Mycolicibacterium gilvum was studied. The destructive activity of this microorganism relative to PAH was studied by cultivating it in a liquid mineral medium containing phenanthrene (0.2 g/L), succinic acid (5 g/L), and rutin (0, 0.05, 0.1 or 0.2 mmol/L) at 30°C under aeration on a shaker (130 rpm) for 14 days. The stimulating effect of succinic acid and rutin on the microbial degradation of phenanthrene was revealed. It was found that carboxylate was utilized as the main growth substrate for the microorganism, while flavonol and PAH had little effect on bacterial growth. Rutin had no antimicrobial effect on the microorganisms studied; on the contrary, in combination with succinic acid, it significantly increased the biomass growth. At high concentrations (0.1 and 0.2 mmol/L), rutin inhibited the degradation of phenanthrene by 22 and 56%, respectively. However, at a concentration of 0.05 mmol/L rutin increased phenanthrene degradation by 10%. Thus, the results obtained showed the dependence of the PAH microbial degradation efficiency on the presence, combination, and concentration of the plant root exudate constituents.

корневые экссудатырутинянтарная кислотаризобактериимикробная деградацияфенантренplant root exudatesrutinsuccinic acidrhizobacteriamicrobial degradationphanenthreneРабота выполнена в рамках госзадания Института биохимии и физиологии растений и микроорганизмов – ФИЦ «Саратовский научный центр РАН» (№ 121031700141-7) и с использованием Коллекции ризосферных микроорганизмов ИБФРМ РАН (http://collection.ibppm.ru) г. СаратовThis work was carried out under research theme No. 121031700141-7 of the Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and using the Collection of Rhizospheric Microorganisms of the IBPPM RAS (http://collection.ibppm.ru) Saratov, RussiaReferencesAl-Majmaie S., Nahar L., Sharples G. P., Wadi K., Sarker S. D. Isolation and antimicrobial activity of rutin and its derivatives from Ruta chalepensis (Rutaceae) growing in Iraq // Records of Natural Products. 2019. Vol. 13, № 1. Р. 64 – 70. https://doi.org/10.25135/rnp.74.18.03.250Al-Majmaie S., Nahar L., Sharples G. P., Wadi K., Sarker S. D. Isolation and antimicrobial activity of rutin and its derivatives from Ruta chalepensis (Rutaceae) growing in Iraq. Records of Natural Products, 2019, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 64–70. https://doi.org/10.25135/rnp.74.18.03.250Augulyte L., Kliaugaite D., Racys V., Jankunaite D., Zaliauskiene A., Andersson P. L., Bergqvist P. A. Chemical and ecotoxicological assessment of selected biologically activated sorbents for treating wastewater polluted with petroleum products with special emphasis on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons // Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2008. Vol. 195, iss. 1 – 4. P. 243 – 256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9743-7Augulyte L., Kliaugaite D., Racys V., Jankunaite D., Zaliauskiene A., Andersson P. L., Bergqvist P. A. Chemical and ecotoxicological assessment of selected biologically activated sorbents for treating wastewater polluted with petroleum products with special emphasis on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2008, vol. 195, iss. 1–4, pp. 243–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9743-7Bertani G. Studies on lysogenesis. I. The mode of phage liberation by lysogenic Escherichia coli // Journal of Bacteriology. 1951. Vol. 62, № 3. Р. 293 – 300. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.62.3.293- 300.1951Bertani G. Studies on lysogenesis. I. The mode of phage liberation by lysogenic Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology, 1951, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 293–300. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.62.3.293- 300.1951Bourceret A., Leyval C., Faur P., Lorgeoux C., Cebron A. High PAH degradation and activity of degrading bacteria during alfalfa growth where a contrasted active community developed in comparison to unplanted soil // Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2018. Vol. 25, iss. 29. Р. 29556 – 29571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2744-1Bourceret A., Leyval C., Faur P., Lorgeoux C., Cebron A. High PAH degradation and activity of degrading bacteria during alfalfa growth where a contrasted active community developed in comparison to unplanted soil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018, vol. 25, iss. 29, pp. 29556–29571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2744-1Brzeszcz J., Kaszycki P. Aerobic bacteria degrading both n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons : An undervalued strategy for metabolic diversity and flexibility // Biodegradation. 2018. Vol. 29, iss. 4. P. 359 – 407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-018-9837-xBrzeszcz J., Kaszycki P. Aerobic bacteria degrading both n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons: An undervalued strategy for metabolic diversity and flexibility. Biodegradation, 2018, vol. 29, iss. 4, pp. 359–407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-018-9837-xEly C. S., Smets B. F. Bacteria from wheat and cucurbit plant roots metabolize PAHs and aromatic root exudates : Implications for rhizodegradation // International Journal of Phytoremediation. 2017. Vol. 19, iss. 10. Р. 877 – 883. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2017.1303805Ely C. S., Smets B. F. Bacteria from wheat and cucurbit plant roots metabolize PAHs and aromatic root exudates: Implications for rhizodegradation. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2017, vol. 19, iss. 10, pp. 877–883. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2017.1303805Cushnie T. P., Lamb A. J. Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids // International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2005. Vol. 26, iss. 5. P. 343 – 356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.09.002Cushnie T. P., Lamb A. J. Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2005, vol. 26, iss. 5, pp. 343–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.09.002Danciu C., Pinzaru I. A., Dehelean C. A., Hancianu M., Zupko I., Navolan D., Licker M., Ghiulai R. M., Şoica C. M. Antiproliferative and antimicrobial properties of pure and encapsulated rutin // Farmacia. 2018. Vol. 66, № 2. P. 302 – 308.Danciu C., Pinzaru I. A., Dehelean C. A., Hancianu M., Zupko I., Navolan D., Licker M., Ghiulai R. M., Şoica C. M. Antiproliferative and antimicrobial properties of pure and encapsulated rutin. Farmacia, 2018, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 302–308.Golubev S. N., Muratova A. Yu., Panchenko L. V., Shchyogolev S. Yu., Turkovskaya O. V. Mycolicibacterium sp. strain PAM1, an alfalfa rhizosphere dweller, catabolizes PAHs and promotes Partner-plant Growth // Microbiological Research. 2021. Vol. 253, iss. 8. Article number 126885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2021.126885Golubev S. N., Muratova A. Yu., Panchenko L. V., Shchyogolev S. Yu., Turkovskaya O. V. Mycolicibacterium sp. strain PAM1, an alfalfa rhizosphere dweller, catabolizes PAHs and promotes Partner-plant growth. Microbiological Research, 2021, vol. 253, iss. 8, article number 126885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2021.126885Hegde R. S., Fletcher J. S. Influence of plant growth stage and season on the release of root phenolics by mulberry as related to development of phytoremediation technology // Chemosphere. 1996. Vol. 32, iss. 12. P. 2471 – 2479. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(96)00144-0Hegde R. S., Fletcher J. S. Influence of plant growth stage and season on the release of root phenolics by mulberry as related to development of phytoremediation technology. Chemosphere, 1996, vol. 32, iss. 12, pp. 2471–2479. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(96)00144-0Ite A. E., Semple K. T. The Effect of Flavonoids on the microbial mineralisation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil // International Journal of Environmental Bioremediation and Biodegradation. 2015. Vol. 3, iss. 3. Р. 66 – 78. https://doi.org/10.12691/ijebb-3-3-1Ite A. E., Semple K. T. The Effect of Flavonoids on the microbial mineralisation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. International Journal of Environmental Bioremediation and Biodegradation, 2015, vol. 3, iss. 3, pp. 66–78. https://doi.org/10.12691/ijebb-3-3-1Jones D. L., Darrah P. R. Role of root derived organic-acids in the mobilization of nutrients from the rhizosphere // Plant and Soil. 1994. Vol. 166, iss. 2. Р. 247 – 257. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00008338Jones D. L., Darrah P. R. Role of root derived organic-acids in the mobilization of nutrients from the rhizosphere. Plant and Soil, 1994, vol. 166, iss. 2, pp. 247–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00008338Jones D. L., Prabowo A. M., Kochian L. V. Kinetics of malate transport and decomposition in acid soils and isolated bacterial populations – the effect of microorganisms on root exudation of malate under al stress // Plant and Soil. 1996. Vol. 182, iss. 2. Р. 239 – 247.Jones D. L., Prabowo A. M., Kochian L. V. Kinetics of malate transport and decomposition in acid soils and isolated bacterial populations – the effect of microorganisms on root exudation of malate under al stress. Plant and Soil, 1996, vol. 182, iss. 2, pp. 239–247.Kim S. J., Kweon O., Cerniglia C. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by mycobacterium strains // Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology / ed. K. N. Timmis. Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer, 2010. P. 1865 – 1879.Kim S. J., Kweon O., Cerniglia C. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by mycobacterium strains. In: K. N. Timmis, ed. Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer, 2010, pp. 1865–1879.Kuiper I., Kravchenko L. V., Bloemberg G. V., Lugtenberg B. J. J. Pseudomonas putida strain PCL 1444, selected for efficient root colonization and naphthalene degradation, effectively utilizes root exudate components // Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 2002. Vol. 15, № 7. P. 734 – 741. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2002.15.7.734Kuiper I., Kravchenko L. V., Bloemberg G. V., Lugtenberg B. J. J. Pseudomonas putida strain PCL 1444, selected for efficient root colonization and naphthalene degradation, effectively utilizes root exudate components. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 2002, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 734–741. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2002.15.7.734Lu L., Chai Q., He Sh., Yang Ch., Zhang D. Effects and mechanisms of phytoalexins on the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by an endophytic bacterium isolated from ryegrass // Environmental Pollution. 2019. Vol. 253. P. 872 – 881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.097Lu L., Chai Q., He Sh., Yang Ch., Zhang D. Effects and mechanisms of phytoalexins on the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by an endophytic bacterium isolated from ryegrass. Environmental Pollution, 2019, vol. 253, pp. 872–881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.097Macias-Benitez S., Garcia-Martinez A. M., Caballero Jimenez P., Gonzalez J. M., Tejada Moral T., Parrado Rubio J. Rhizospheric organic acids as biostimulants: monitoring feedbacks on soil microorganisms and biochemical properties // Frontiers in Plant Science. 2020. Vol. 11. Article number 633. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00633Macias-Benitez S., Garcia-Martinez A. M., Caballero Jimenez P., Gonzalez J. M., Tejada Moral T., Parrado Rubio J. Rhizospheric organic acids as biostimulants: monitoring feedbacks on soil microorganisms and biochemical properties. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2020, vol. 11, article number 633. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00633Mejia A. C. G., Pino N. J., Peñuela G. A. Effect of secondary metabolites present in Brassica nigra root exudates on anthracene and phenanthrene degradation by rhizosphere microorganism // Environmental Engineering Science. 2018. Vol. 35, iss. 3. P. 203 – 209. https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2017.0156Mejia A. C. G., Pino N. J., Peñuela G. A. Effect of secondary metabolites present in Brassica nigra root exudates on anthracene and phenanthrene degradation by rhizosphere microorganism. Environmental Engineering Science, 2018, vol. 35, iss. 3, pp. 203–209. https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2017.0156Muratova A., Hübner Th., Tisher S., Turkovskaya O., Möder M., Kuschk P. Plant – rhizosphere-microflora association during phytoremediation of PAH-contaminated soil // International Journal of Phytoremediation. 2003. Vol. 5, iss. 2. P. 137 – 151. https://doi.org/10.1080/713610176Muratova A., Hübner Th., Tisher S., Turkovskaya O., Möder M., Kuschk P. Plant – rhizosphere-microflora association during phytoremediation of PAH-contaminated soil. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2003, vol. 5, iss. 2, pp. 137–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/713610176Peng X., Xu P. F., Du H., Tang Y., Meng Y., Yuan L., Sheng L. P. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A review // Applied Ecology and Environmental Research. 2018. Vol. 16, № 5. P. 6419 – 6440. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1605_64196440Peng X., Xu P. F., Du H., Tang Y., Meng Y., Yuan L., Sheng L. P. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A review. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 2018, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 6419–6440. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1605_64196440Qiu X., Reed B. E., Viadero R. C. Effects of flavonoids on 14C(7,10)-benzo(a)pyrene degradation in root zone soil // Environmental Engineering Science. 2004. Vol. 21, № 5. P. 637 – 646. https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2004.21.637Qiu X., Reed B. E., Viadero R. C. Effects of flavonoids on 14C(7,10)-benzo(a)pyrene degradation in root zone soil. Environmental Engineering Science, 2004, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 637–646. https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2004.21.637Rym K. H., Eo S. K., Kim Y. S., Lee C. K., Han S. S. Antimicrobial activity and acute toxicity of natural rutin // Korean Journal Pharmacognosy. 1996. Vol. 27, № 4. P. 309 – 315.Rym K. H., Eo S. K., Kim Y. S., Lee C. K., Han S. S. Antimicrobial activity and acute toxicity of natural rutin. Korean Journal Pharmacognosy, 1996, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 309–315.Schwab A. P., Banks M. K. Biologically mediated dissipation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the root zone // Bioremediation through Rhizosphere Technology / eds. T. A. Anderson, J. R. Coats. Washington : American Chemical Society, 1994. P. 132 – 141. https://doi.org/10.1021/BK-1994- 0563.CH012Schwab A. P., Banks M. K. Biologically mediated dissipation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the root zone. In: T. A. Anderson, J. R. Coats, eds. Bioremediation through Rhizosphere Technology. Washington, American Chemical Society, 1994, pp. 132–141. https://doi.org/10.1021/BK-1994- 0563.CH012Shahsavar E., Schwarz A., Aburto-Medina A., Ball A. S. Biological degradation of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) in soil : A current perspective // Current Pollution Reports. 2019. Vol. 5, iss. 3. P. 84 – 92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-019-00113-8Shahsavar E., Schwarz A., Aburto-Medina A., Ball A. S. Biological degradation of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) in soil: A current perspective. Current Pollution Reports, 2019, vol. 5, iss. 3, pp. 84–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-019-00113-8Siciliano S. D., Germida J. J. Mechanisms of phytoremediation : Biochemical and ecological interactions between plants and bacteria // Environmental Reviews. 1998. Vol. 6, № 1. P. 65 – 79. https://doi.org/10.1139/a98-005Siciliano S. D., Germida J. J. Mechanisms of phytoremediation: Biochemical and ecological interactions between plants and bacteria. Environmental Reviews, 1998, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 65–79. https://doi.org/10.1139/a98-005Tuyishime M. A., Harimana Y., Sun J. Biotransformation of rutin to quercetin by human gut bacteria and its effect on rutin bioavailability // Research Inventy. 2018. Vol. 8, iss. 2. P. 11 – 17.Tuyishime M. A., Harimana Y., Sun J. Biotransformation of rutin to quercetin by human gut bacteria and its effect on rutin bioavailability. Research Inventy, 2018, vol. 8, iss. 2, pp. 11–17.Vidonish J. E., Zygourakis K., Masiello C. A., Sabadell G., Pedro J. J., Alvarez P. J. J. Thermal treatment of hydrocarbon-impacted soils: A review of technology innovation for sustainable remediation // Engineering. 2016. Vol. 2, iss. 4. P. 426 – 437. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.005Vidonish J. E., Zygourakis K., Masiello C. A., Sabadell G., Pedro J. J., Alvarez P. J. J. Thermal treatment of hydrocarbon-impacted soils: A review of technology innovation for sustainable remediation. Engineering, 2016, vol. 2, iss. 4, pp. 426–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.005Wang Z., Ding Z., Li Z., Ding Y., Jiang F., Liu J. Antioxidant and antibacterial study of 10 flavonoids revealed rutin as a potential anti-biofilm Agent in Klebsiella Pneumoniae strains isolated from hospitalized patients // Microbial Pathogenesis. 2021. Vol. 159. Article number 105121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105121Wang Z., Ding Z., Li Z., Ding Y., Jiang F., Liu J. Antioxidant and antibacterial study of 10 flavonoids revealed rutin as a potential anti-biofilm Agent in Klebsiella Pneumoniae strains isolated from hospitalized patients. Microbial Pathogenesis, 2021, vol. 159, article number 105121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105121Weston L. A., Mathesius U. Flavonoids : Their structure, biosynthesis and role in the rhizosphere, including allelopathy // Journal of Chemical Ecology. 2013. Vol. 39, iss. 2. P. 283 – 297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-013-0248-5Weston L. A., Mathesius U. Flavonoids: Their structure, biosynthesis and role in the rhizosphere, including allelopathy. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2013, vol. 39, iss. 2, pp. 283–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-013-0248-5Yoshitomi K. J., Shann J. R. Corn (Zea mays L.) root exudates and their impact on 14Cpyrene mineralization // Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2001. Vol. 33, iss. 12 – 13. P. 1769 – 1776. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00102-XYoshitomi K. J., Shann J. R. Corn (Zea mays L.) root exudates and their impact on 14Cpyrene mineralization. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2001, vol. 33, iss. 12–13, pp. 1769–1776. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00102-X

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.