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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sevin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПОВОЛЖСКИЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1684-7318</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8963</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А. Н. Северцова РАН; Товарищество научных изданий КМК.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35885/1684-7318-2022-1-94-108</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sevin-332</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дифференциация экологических ниш на примере донных сообществ Среднего и Нижнего Поволжья</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ecological niche differentiation on the example of bottom communities of the Middle and Lower Volga regions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8385-1913</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шитиков</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shitikov</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шитиков Владимир Кириллович</p><p>445003, г. Тольятти, ул. Комзина, д. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir K. Shitikov</p><p>10 Komzina St., Togliatti 445003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stok1946@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3808-4700</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зинченко</surname><given-names>Т. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinchenko</surname><given-names>T. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зинченко Татьяна Дмитриевна</p><p>445003, г. Тольятти, ул. Комзина, д. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana D. Zinchenko</p><p>10 Komzina St., Togliatti 445003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zinchenko.tdz@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4773-5277</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головатюк</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovatyuk</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Головатюк Лариса Владимировна</p><p>445003, г. Тольятти, ул. Комзина, д. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa V. Golovatyuk</p><p>10 Komzina St., Togliatti 445003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gollarisa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Самарский федеральный исследовательский центр РАН, Институт экологии Волжского бассейна РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara Federal Research Center of RAS, Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>94</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шитиков В.К., Зинченко Т.Д., Головатюк Л.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шитиков В.К., Зинченко Т.Д., Головатюк Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shitikov V.K., Zinchenko T.D., Golovatyuk L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sevin.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/332">https://sevin.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/332</self-uri><abstract><p>Обсуждается использование концепции экологических ниш Гринелла для анализа таксономической структуры сообществ и их связи с факторами окружающей среды. Моделирование экологических ниш осуществлялось с использованием результатов 30-летних исследований сообществ макрозообентоса на 90 малых и 12 средних равнинных реках в районе Куйбышевского, Саратовского и Волгоградского водохранилищ. В качестве абиотических факторов рассматривались геоклиматические показатели, характеристики рельефа и гидрохимические оценки качества вод в точках отбора проб, где взято 11 переменных, имеющих наименьшую коллинеарность. Многомерное пространство исходных абиотических факторов проецировалось на ортогональные оси первых двух главных компонент и строились ординационные диаграммы с нанесенными на них точками присутствия видов. Модель потенциальной экологической ниши каждого вида представлялась как область в пространстве латентных переменных, в которой индекс пригодности среды обитания Z, оцениваемый по плотности вероятности встречаемости, соответствует заданным ограничениям. Для количественной оценки доли перекрытия ниш, принадлежащих двум разным таксонам бентоса, использовались индексы Шёнера и Хеллингера. Матрица расстояний между перекрываемыми нишами формировалась для всех возможных парных комбинаций из 40 наиболее экологически значимых видов макрозообентоса. Кластерный анализ полученной матрицы дистанций проводился методами иерархической агломерации и нечетких k-средних. В общем многомерном пространстве абиотических переменных изученного региона были выделены 4 области коллективных ниш для групп видов с максимальными расстояниями между их центроидами. Приведен анализ межгрупповой вариации факторов среды и обсуждаются характерные особенности каждой группы: экологическая стратегия, биологические признаки и уровень толерантности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The authors discuss the use of the Greenell concept of ecological niches to analyze the taxonomic structure of communities and their relationship with environmental factors. The modeling of ecological niches was carried out using the results of 30-year studies of macrozoobenthos’ communities on 90 small and 12 medium-sized plain rivers in the region of the Kuibyshev, Saratov and Volgograd reservoirs. Geoclimatic indicators, relief characteristics and hydrochemical assessments of water quality at sampling points were considered as abiotic factors, where 11 variables with the least collinearity were taken. The multidimensional space of the initial abiotic factors was projected onto the orthogonal axes of the first two principal components; there were constructed ordination diagrams with plotted points of presence of species. The model of the potential ecological niche of each species was represented as an area in the space of latent variables, in which the habitat suitability index Z, estimated by the probability density of occurrence, corresponds to the given constraints. The authors used the Schoener and Hellinger indices to quantify the proportion of overlapping niches belonging to two different benthos taxa. The matrix of distances between overlapping niches was formed for all possible paired combinations of 40 most ecologically significant macrozoobenthos species. The cluster analysis of the obtained distance matrix was carried out by the methods of hierarchical agglomeration and fuzzy k-means. In the general multidimensional space of abiotic variables of the studied region, 4 areas of collective niches for groups of species with maximum distances between their centroids were identified. The analysis of intergroup variation of environmental factors is given and the characteristic features of each group are discussed: ecological strategy, biological characteristics and tolerance level.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>моделирование экологических ниш</kwd><kwd>анализ главных компонент</kwd><kwd>пригодность окружающей среды</kwd><kwd>перекрытие ниш</kwd><kwd>кластерный анализ</kwd><kwd>макрозообентос</kwd><kwd>бассейн Нижней Волги</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>modeling ecological niches</kwd><kwd>principal component analysis</kwd><kwd>environmental suitability</kwd><kwd>niche overlap</kwd><kwd>cluster analysis</kwd><kwd>macrozoobenthos</kwd><kwd>Lower Volga basin</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зинченко Т. Д. 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