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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sevin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПОВОЛЖСКИЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1684-7318</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8963</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А. Н. Северцова РАН; Товарищество научных изданий КМК.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35885/1684-7318-2020-4-459-476</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sevin-223</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Смена пород в неморальных ельниках ЦентральноЛесного заповедника</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tree Change in Nemoral Spruce Forests of the Central Forest Reserve</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3493-2418</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пукинская</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pukinskaya</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, Проф. Попова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Prof. Popova St., Saint Petersburg 197376</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pukinskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Ботанический институт им. В. Л. Комарова РАН&#13;
Россия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>459</fpage><lpage>476</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пукинская М.Ю., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пукинская М.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pukinskaya M.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sevin.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/223">https://sevin.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/223</self-uri><abstract><p>Обсуждается смена лесообразующих пород в неморальных ельниках Центрально-Лесного заповедника (Тверская область, Россия). Проведено сравнение характеристики растительности ельников заповедника, выполненной при первом обследовании заповедника Я. Я. Алексеевым в 1931 г. (1935) с описаниями растительности, выполненными автором с 2011 по 2019 г. Показано, что за последние 90 лет в ельниках заповедника увеличилось покрытие неморальными травами. Кроме того, три вида широколиственных деревьев (липа, клен и вяз) сильно увеличили численность в древостое, в наибольшей степени липа. В последние десятилетия в Центрально-Лесном заповеднике происходит распад неморальных ельников. Березо-осино-еловый древостой не восполняется еловым возобновлением и сменяется липо-кленовниками. Жизненность елового подроста ухудшается. После распада ельника смена древесных доминантов происходит на 74% пробных площадей, а на 26% – древостой продолжается ельником. Наибольшая часть неморальных ельников заповедника возникла после крупных нарушений 100 – 150 лет назад (на месте гарей, ураганных ветровалов и вырубок). Старые неморальные ельники сформировались в период, когда сильные морозы препятствовали вхождению липы и клена в древостой. В настоящее время совпадение потепления климата со старением елового древостоя и снятием антропогенного влияния способствовали выходу клена и липы из подлеска в древостой и смене на еловошироколиственный лес. В сложившихся климатических условиях возврат к ельнику возможен в случае гари или при похолодании климата. Неморальный ельник является переходным типом и в зависимости от условий становится еловым или широколиственным лесом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper discusses changes in forest-forming species in the nemoral spruce forests of the Central Forest Reserve (Tver Region, the Russian Federation). A comparison is made of the characterization of vegetation in the reserve spruce forests, carried out during the first survey of the reserve by Ya. Ya. Alekseev in 1931 (Alekseev, 1935) with the descriptions of vegetation made by the author from 2011 to 2019. It is shown that the coverage of nemoral herbs in the spruce forests of the reserve has increased over the past 90 years. In addition, three types of broadleaf trees (Tilia cordata Mill., Acer platanoides L. and Ulmus scabra Mill.) have greatly increased their abundance in the stand, most notably the linden. In recent decades, the decay of nemoral spruce forests has been taking place in the Central Forest Reserve. The birch-aspenspruce stand is not replenished with spruce renewal but is replaced by linden-maple forests. The vitality of spruce undergrowth is deteriorating. After the decay of a spruce forest, a change of the tree dominants occurs on 74% of the trial plots and the stand continues with a spruce forest on 26%. The largest part of the reserve's nemoral spruce forests arose after major disturbances 100–150 years ago (on the site of burned-out areas, hurricane windblows and cuttings). Old nemoral spruce forests were formed during the period when severe frosts prevented linden and maple from entering the stand. Currently, the coincidence of climate warming with the aging of the spruce stand and the removal of anthropogenic influence contributed to the release of maple and linden from the undergrowth into the stand and change to a spruce-deciduous forest. Under the prevailing climatic conditions, a return to the spruce forest is possible in the event of a burning out or when the climate becomes cold. The nemoral spruce forest is an ecotone type and, depending on conditions, becomes a spruce or broad-leaved forest.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Picea abies</kwd><kwd>динамика еловых лесов</kwd><kwd>смена пород в неморальных ельниках</kwd><kwd>Центрально-Лесной заповедник</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Picea abies</kwd><kwd>динамика еловых лесов</kwd><kwd>смена пород в неморальных ельниках</kwd><kwd>Центрально-Лесной заповедник</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абатуров А. В., Антюхина В. В. Динамика хвойных лесов Подмосковья. М. : Наука, 2000. 222 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abaturov А. V., Antyukhina V. V. Dinamika khvoinykh lesov Podmoskov'ia [Dynamics of Coniferous Forests of the Moscow region]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2000. 222 p. 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