sevinПОВОЛЖСКИЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛPovolzhskiy Journal of Ecology1684-73182541-8963Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А. Н. Северцова РАН; Товарищество научных изданий КМК.10.35885/1684-7318-2020-4-442-458sevin-222Research ArticleСтатьиСравнительное исследование ризосферной микрофлоры культиваров подсолнечника – Helianthus annuus (Asteráceae, Magnoliópsida), выращенных на почвах с техногенными полиэлементными аномалиямиComparative Study of the Rhizospheric Microflora of Sunflower Cultivars Helianthus annuus (Asteráceae, Magnoliópsida) Grown on Soils with Anthropogenic Polyelemental Anomalieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1927-918XМуратоваА. Ю.MuratovaA. Yu.

410049, Саратов, просп. Энтузиастов, 13

13 Prospect Entuziastov, Saratov 410049

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8647-7517ЗеленоваН. А.ZelenovaN. A.

410012, Саратов, Астраханская, 83

83 Astrakhanskaya St., Saratov 410012

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5079-2657СунгурцеваИ. Ю.SungurtsevaI. Yu.

410049, Саратов, просп. Энтузиастов, 13

13 Prospect Entuziastov, Saratov 410049

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4922-5684ГореловаС. В.GorelovaS. V.

300012, Тула, просп. Ленина, 92

92 Prospect Lenina, Tula 300012

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4722-2930КолбасА. П.KolbasA. P.

224016, Брест, бульвар Космонавтов, 21

21 Kosmonavtov Boulevard, Brest 224016

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3836-0258ПлешаковаЕ. В.PleshakovaYe. V.

410012, Саратов, Астраханская, 83

83 Astrakhanskaya St., Saratov 410012

plekat@yandex.ruИнститут биохимии и физиологии растений и микроорганизмов РАНРоссияInstitute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationСаратовский национальный исследовательский государственный университет имени Н. Г. ЧернышевскогоРоссияSaratov State UniversityRussian FederationТульский государственный университетРоссияTula State UniversityRussian FederationБрестский государственный университет им. А. С. ПушкинаБеларусьBrest State A. S. Pushkin UniversityBelarus20201201202104442458Copyright © Муратова А.Ю., Зеленова Н.А., Сунгурцева И.Ю., Горелова С.В., Колбас А.П., Плешакова Е.В., 20212021Муратова А.Ю., Зеленова Н.А., Сунгурцева И.Ю., Горелова С.В., Колбас А.П., Плешакова Е.В.Muratova A.Y., Zelenova N.A., Sungurtseva I.Y., Gorelova S.V., Kolbas A.P., Pleshakova Y.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sevin.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/222

В лабораторном вегетационном эксперименте на почвах с техногенными полиэлементными аномалиями и контрольной почве фоновой зоны были выращены два мутантных культивара подсолнечника (Helianthus annuus cv. r2p2 и Helianthus annuus cv. r5n1) и проведен сравнительный анализ их ризосферной микрофлоры. В ходе работы в ризосфере подсолнечников оценивали численность почвенных бактерий, актиномицетов и микромицетов, а также численность ризосферных микроорганизмов, устойчивых к ионам Zn2+, Pb2+ и Cu2+. Были установлены количественные изменения в ризосферных микробоценозах металлтолерантных мутантных культиваров подсолнечника, формируемых под влиянием как сортового генотипа растения, так и техногенного загрязнения почвы. Обнаружена выраженная стимуляция численности ризосферных микроорганизмов всех исследованных групп при выращивании растений на техногенно загрязненной почве ПАО «Косогорский металлургический завод». При этом отмечены сортовые различия – в ризосфере H. annuus cv. r2p2 наблюдалась максимальная численность бактерий и актиномицетов, а в ризосфере H. annuus cv. r5n1 – микромицетов. Продемонстрирована повышенная численность микроорганизмов, устойчивых к ионам свинца, в ризосфере H. annuus cv. r2p2. Обнаруженные изменения в структуре ризосферных сообществ изученных сортов подсолнечника, связанные со стимуляцией роста и активности микрофлоры, могут быть востребованы в технологиях фиторемедиации техногенно загрязненной почвы.

In a laboratory pot experiment, two mutant cultivars of sunflower (Helianthus annuus cv. r2p2 and Helianthus annuus cv. r5n1) were grown on soils with anthropogenic polyelemental anomalies and on a background control soil, and a comparative analysis of their rhizospheric microflora was carried out. The numbers of soil bacteria, actinomycetes and micromycetes, as well as the numbers of rhizospheric microorganisms resistant to Zn2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ ions were estimated in the rhizosphere of sunflower cultivars. Quantitative changes in the sunflower rhizospheric microboceno-ses, formed under the influence of both the plant genotype and technogenic soil pollution, were revealed. A pronounced stimulation of the rhizospheric microorganisms of all groups studied was found when plants were cultivated on the technogenically contaminated soil from PJSC Kosogorsk Metallurgical Plant. In this case, cultivar differences were observed, namely: the maximal number of bacteria and actinomycetes was revealed in the rhizosphere of H. annuus cv. r2p2, whilst the maximal number of micromycetes was revealed in the rhizosphere of H. annuus cv. r5n1. An increased number of microorganisms resistant to lead ions was revealed in the rhizosphere of H. annuus cv. r2p2. The observed changes in the structure of rhizospheric microbial communities of the sunflower cultivars manifested in the stimulation of the growth and activity of soil microflora can be in demand for phytoremediation of technogenically contaminated soil.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.