sevinПОВОЛЖСКИЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛPovolzhskiy Journal of Ecology1684-73182541-8963Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А. Н. Северцова РАН; Товарищество научных изданий КМК.10.35885/1684-7318-2020-2-191-208sevin-195Research ArticleСтатьиСеменная продуктивность Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser (Orchidaceae, Liliopsida) на северной границе ареалаSeed Productivity of Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser (Orchidaceae, Liliopsida) on the Northern Border of its Distribution Areahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-7709КирилловаИ. А.KirillovaI. A.

Irina A. Kirillova

28 Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982

kirillova_orchid@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6577-693XКирилловД. В.KirillovD. V.

Dmitriy V. Kirillov

28 Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982

kirdimka@mail.ruИнститут биологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения РАНРоссияInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation20200707202002191208Copyright © Кириллова И.А., Кириллов Д.В., 20202020Кириллова И.А., Кириллов Д.В.Kirillova I.A., Kirillov D.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sevin.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/195

Орхидные, вследствие специфических особенностей своей биологии, высокой декоративности и слабой устойчивости к антропогенным факторам являются одними из самых уязвимых растений мировой флоры. Для эффективного сохранения этих редких видов первостепенное значение имеют знания об их репродуктивной биологии. Особенно важны такие сведения для видов, находящихся на границах ареалов, где существуют дополнительные ограничения в воспроизводстве. Объектом нашего исследования стала редкая орхидея – Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser. В ходе полевых работ на территории Республики Коми (северо-восток европейской части России) исследовано 50 популяций Е. atrorubens. В 19 из них изучены репродуктивные характеристики (плодозавязываемость, семенная продуктивность и морфометрия семян). Установлено, что основным лимитирующим фактором на Севере является короткий вегетационный период. Заморозки повреждают генеративные побеги и не дают созреть семенам. Коробочка E. atrorubens на северной границе ареала содержит меньшее количество семян, чем в центральной части ареала. Также меньше здесь показатель реальной семенной продуктивности. В пределах Республики Коми на территории двух горных систем (Тиманского хребта и Уральских гор) также наблюдается снижение всех репродуктивных характеристик на градиенте юг – север: уменьшается количество и размер цветков, количество семян, ухудшается качество семян, меняется их форма (они становятся менее вытянутыми, что уменьшает их летучесть). Однако ухудшение семенной продуктивности компенсируется увеличением объема семян. В критическом состоянии в регионе находятся популяции численностью менее 50 побегов, в которых не отмечено ювенильных растений.

The Orchids due to their biological features, high decorative properties and poor resistance against anthropogenic factors are one of the most vulnerable components in vegetation of the world. Their conservation cannot be efficient without the knowledge on their reproductive biology. These data are especially important for species on the borders of their distribution area with additional reproduction limiting factors. Our study object is a rare orchid species Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser. During field works on the territory of the Komi Republic (northeast Russia), we studied 50 populations of E. atrorubens. Reproductive characteristics (fruit set, seed productivity and seed morphometry) were studied in 19 of them. We established that the main limiting factor in the North is a short vegetation period. Frosts damage generative shoots and do not allow seeds to ripe. The capsule of E. atrorubens on the northern distribution border contains fewer seeds than in the central part of areal. Also less is the indicator of real seed productivity. Within the Komi Republic on sample of two sites (the Timan Range and the Ural Mountains), we also see the decrease in all reproductive characteristics from south to north: the number and size of flowers, the number and quality of seeds decrease, their shape changes. However deterioration in seed productivity is compensated by an increase in seed volume. The populations of less than 50 shoots, in which juvenile plants are not marked, are in critical condition.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.