sevinПОВОЛЖСКИЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛPovolzhskiy Journal of Ecology1684-73182541-8963Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А. Н. Северцова РАН; Товарищество научных изданий КМК.10.35885/1684-7318-2019-1-47-60sevin-138Research ArticleСтатьиПостнатальное развитие крапчатого суслика (Spermophilus suslicus Güld, 1770) (Sciuridae, Mammalia) при вольерном содержанииPostnatal Development of Speckled Ground Squirrel (Spermo-philus suslicus Guld, 1770) (Sciuridae, Mammalia) in CaptivityСапельниковС. Ф.SapelnikovSergey F.

Сергей Федорович Сапельников

399684, Липецкая обл., Краснинский р-н, с. Никольское, Заречная, 71

sapelnikov@reserve.vrn.ruСапельниковаИ. И.SapelnikovaInna I.

Инна Игоревна Сапельникова

394080, нп. Госзаповедник, Центральная усадьба

Centralnaja usadba, Goszapovednik, Voronezh 394080

is@reserve.vrn.ruПриродный парк «Олений»РоссияNatural Park “Olenii”Russian FederationВоронежский государственный заповедник имени В.М. ПесковаРоссияVoronezhsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve named after V. PeskovRussian Federation201924102019014760Copyright © Сапельников С.Ф., Сапельникова И.И., 20192019Сапельников С.Ф., Сапельникова И.И.Sapelnikov S.F., Sapelnikova I.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sevin.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/138

Катастрофическое снижение численности прежде многочисленного, ныне угрожаемого вида – крапчатого суслика – требует принятия срочных мер по его охране и восстановлению локальных популяций. В работе представлены результаты наблюдений за развитием детенышей этого вида в постнатальный период, что необходимо для разработки комплексного подхода, сочетающего создание полувольных резервных популяций вида в природных мегавольерах с выращиванием и сохранением выводков в условиях ex situ. Самки-роженицы крапчатого суслика, спарившиеся в естественных условиях (in situ), были отловлены на Косырёвском кладбище (Липецк) в апреле 2017 г. За беременными самками (n = 8) наблюдали от момента отлова до родов, за детёнышами (n = 32) – от рождения до 64 – 77 дн. возраста. Выживаемость детенышей составила 59%. Полученные данные по динамике веса тела и срокам появления ряда морфологических признаков вида позволяют с помощью шкалы определять возраст от рождения до месячного возраста с точностью до двух–трех дней. После месячного возраста, когда сеголетки начинают питаться самостоятельно, вольерное содержание способствует интенсивному накоплению жира, при котором в возрасте 7 – 8 недель веса зверьков in situ и ex situ становятся близкими по значению с последующим опережением в вольерных условиях. Для более успешного выращивания суслят в первые недели их жизни необходимо дальнейшее совершенствование методики содержания самок-рожениц с выводками в условиях ex situ.

The catastrophic decline in the number of the speckled ground squirrel (a previously numerous, now-threatened species) requires the adoption of urgent measurements to protect and restore its local populations. The paper presents the results of our observations of the development of pups in the postnatal period, which is necessary for the development of an integrated approach combining the creation of semi-natural reserve populations of the species in natural mega-enclosures with raising litters in ex situ conditions. Pregnant speckled ground squirrel females (n = 8) mated in nature (in situ) were captured at the Kosyrovsky cemetery (Lipetsk City) in April 2017. The females were observed from their trapping until delivery, pups (n = 32) were observed from their birth to 64-77 days. The survival rate of pups was 59%. The obtained data on the dynamics of body mass and the timing of the appearance of some morphological features allow using the devised scale to estimate the age from birth to one month of age with an accuracy of two-three days. After the age of one month when pups start feeding by their own, their keeping in cages favors fat accumulation, and at the age of 7-8 weeks the weight of the animals from cages and nature becomes similar with the further better advance of the first ones. Further improvements in the methods of keeping pregnant females and their litters ex situ are necessary for more successful growing squirrel pups during the first weeks of their life.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.