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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sevin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПОВОЛЖСКИЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1684-7318</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8963</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А. Н. Северцова РАН; Товарищество научных изданий КМК.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18500/1684-7318-2018-4-447-464</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sevin-129</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биодиагностика почвы с невысоким уровнем антропогенного воздействия (на примере п.г.т. Степное Саратовской области)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biodiagnosis of Soil with a Low Level of Anthropogenic Impact (with the typical Urban Settlement Stepnoe, Saratov Region, as an example)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плешакова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pleshakova</surname><given-names>Yekaterina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">plekat@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нгун</surname><given-names>К. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ngun</surname><given-names>Clement T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Решетников</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reshetnikov</surname><given-names>Michael V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Саратовский национальный исследовательский государственный университет имени Н. Г. Чернышевского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saratov State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>447</fpage><lpage>464</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Плешакова Е.В., Нгун К.Т., Решетников М.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Плешакова Е.В., Нгун К.Т., Решетников М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pleshakova Y.V., Ngun C.T., Reshetnikov M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sevin.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/129">https://sevin.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/129</self-uri><abstract><p>На примере поселка городского типа Степное Саратовской области произведена биодиагностика почвы населенного пункта с невысоким техногенным прессингом. В ходе работы в 30 почвенных пробах высевом на плотные питательные среды оценивали: общую численность гетеротрофных микроорганизмов – на мясо-пептонном агаре, количество углеводородокисляющих и железоокисляющих микроорганизмов – на соответствующих селективных средах, а также изучали активность почвенных окислительно-восстановительных и гидролитических ферментов (дегидрогеназ, каталаз, пероксидаз и инвертаз). Для характеристики степени антропогенного воздействия на почву в ней определяли содержание подвижных форм меди, цинка, свинца, кадмия, хрома и никеля, рассчитывали суммарный коэффициент загрязненности почвы (Zc). В пределах исследованной территории было обнаружено превышение ПДК подвижных форм Ni, Cu и Pb. В целом значения суммарного коэффициента загрязненности почвы не превышали 16 единиц, указывая на благоприятную экологогеохимическую обстановку на территории поселка. Анализ общей численности гетеротрофных микроорганизмов, количества углеводородокисляющих и железоокисляющих микроорганизмов выявил в определенных районах изученной территории отклонения от нормы, что свидетельствовало об антропогенной трансформации почвенных биоценозов. Максимальные отклонения были характерны для показателей численности углеводородокисляющих микроорганизмов, что указывало на загрязнение почвы углеводородами. Результаты оценки активности индикаторных почвенных ферментов не исключали возможные функциональные нарушения в почве. Установлено, что активность почвенных дегидрогеназ и инвертаз соответствовала бедному и очень бедному уровню обогащенности почвы данными ферментами. В то же время активность почвенных каталаз и пероксидаз соответствовала среднему и высокому уровню содержания ферментов, что свидетельствовало об отсутствии патологических изменений в почве. Показано, что изученные микробиологические и биохимические показатели почвы представляют перспективу использования для биодиагностики почвенного здоровья на территории с низким антропогенным воздействием.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>With the urban-type settlement Stepnoe as an example, biodiagnosis of the soil of a settlement with low technogenic impact was conducted. In the course of our work, 30 soil samples were plated onto solid nutrition media to evaluate the following: the total numbers of heterotrophic microorganisms – on meat peptone agar, the numbers of hydrocarbon-oxidizing and iron-oxidizing microorganisms – on their corresponding selective media, and the activity of several soil redox and hydrolytic enzymes (dehydrogenases, catalases, peroxidases, and invertases) were also studied. To characterize the degree of anthropogenic impact on the soil, the content of the mobile forms of copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, chromium and nickel was evaluated and the total soil contamination coefficient (Zc) was calculated. Within the studied area, an excess over the MPC of the mobile forms of Ni, Cu and Pb was found. In general, the values of the total soil pollution coefficient did not exceed 16 units, indicating a favorable environmental and geochemical situation in the territory of the settlement. Analysis of the total numbers of heterotrophic microorganisms, numbers of hydrocarbon-oxidizing and iron-oxidizing microorganisms, revealed deviations from the norm in certain regions of the territory surveyed, indicating an anthropogenic transformation of the soil biocenoses. The maximum deviations were typical for the index of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms, which indicated soil contamination with hydrocarbons. Our results of evaluation of the activity of indicator soil enzymes did not exclude possible functional damages in the soil. It was found that the activity of soil dehydrogenases and invertases corresponded to low and very low levels of soil enrichment with these enzymes. At the same time, the activity of soil catalases and peroxidases corresponded to the average and high levels of these enzymes, which indicated the absence of pathological changes in the soil. It has been shown that the studied soil microbiological and biochemical parameters are promising for soil health biodiagnosis in territories with low anthropogenic impact.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биодиагностика</kwd><kwd>гетеротрофные</kwd><kwd>углеводородокисляющие</kwd><kwd>железоокисляющие микроорганизмы</kwd><kwd>почвенные ферменты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biodiagnosis</kwd><kwd>heterotrophic microorganisms</kwd><kwd>hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms</kwd><kwd>iron-oxidizing microorganisms</kwd><kwd>soil enzymes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект № 17-77-10040).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation (project no. 17-77-10040).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеенко В. 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